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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in various complex reasoning tasks due to their excellent instruction following capability. However, the model's performance is highly dependent on the open-ended characteristics of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhenzhen Huang , Chaoning Zhang , Fachrina Dewi Puspitasari , Jiaquan Zhang , Yitian Zhou , Shuxu Chen , Yang Yang

Large language models (LLMs) hold potential for mental healthcare applications, particularly in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based counseling, where reward models play a critical role in aligning LLMs with preferred therapeutic…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yougen Zhou , Qin Chen , Ningning Zhou , Jie Zhou , Liang He

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in real-world decision-making processes, it becomes crucial to examine the extent to which they exhibit cognitive biases. Extensively studied in the field of psychology, cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 R. Alexander Knipper , Charles S. Knipper , Kaiqi Zhang , Valerie Sims , Clint Bowers , Santu Karmaker

Cognitive biases, systematic deviations from rationality in judgment, pose significant challenges in generating objective content. This paper introduces a novel approach for real-time cognitive bias detection in user-generated text using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Frederic Lemieux , Aisha Behr , Clara Kellermann-Bryant , Zaki Mohammed

Language is far more than a communication tool. A wealth of information - including but not limited to the identities, psychological states, and social contexts of its users - can be gleaned through linguistic markers, and such insights are…

Warning: This research studies AI persuasion and bias amplification that could be misused; all experiments are for safety evaluation. Large Language Models (LLMs) now generate convincing, human-like text and are widely used in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Saumya Roy

The pervasive influence of social biases in language data has sparked the need for benchmark datasets that capture and evaluate these biases in Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing efforts predominantly focus on English language and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Nihar Ranjan Sahoo , Pranamya Prashant Kulkarni , Narjis Asad , Arif Ahmad , Tanu Goyal , Aparna Garimella , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Large Language Models are increasingly employed in generating consumer product recommendations, yet their potential for embedding and amplifying gender and race biases remains underexplored. This paper serves as one of the first attempts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ke Xu , Shera Potka , Alex Thomo

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in hiring has led to legislative actions to protect vulnerable demographic groups. This paper presents a novel framework for benchmarking hierarchical gender hiring bias in Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Ze Wang , Zekun Wu , Xin Guan , Michael Thaler , Adriano Koshiyama , Skylar Lu , Sachin Beepath , Ediz Ertekin , Maria Perez-Ortiz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of natural language tasks, and recent efforts have sought to extend their capabilities to multimodal domains and resource-constrained environments. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yun-Da Tsai

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled natural language processing capabilities similar to those of humans, and LLMs are being widely utilized across various societal domains such as education and healthcare.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 J. K. Lee , T. M. Chung

Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) are widely used in NLP for various tasks. Recent studies have identified various biases that such models exhibit and have proposed methods to correct these biases. However, most of the works address a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Prachi Jain , Ashutosh Sathe , Varun Gumma , Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram

This study introduces an innovative multilingual bias evaluation framework for assessing bias in Large Language Models, combining explicit bias assessment through the BBQ benchmark with implicit bias measurement using a prompt-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yuxuan Liang , Marwa Mahmoud

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled at language understanding and generating human-level text. However, even with supervised training and human alignment, these LLMs are susceptible to adversarial attacks where malicious users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eda Okur , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Nicole Beckage , Hsuan Su , Hung-yi Lee , Lama Nachman

This paper addresses the critical gap in evaluating bias in multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs), with a specific focus on Spanish language within culturally-aware Latin American contexts. Despite widespread global deployment, current…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Melissa Robles , Catalina Bernal , Denniss Raigoso , Mateo Dulce Rubio

One of the goals of fairness research in NLP is to measure and mitigate stereotypical biases that are propagated by NLP systems. However, such work tends to focus on single axes of bias (most often gender) and the English language.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Elisa Forcada Rodríguez , Olatz Perez-de-Viñaspre , Jon Ander Campos , Dietrich Klakow , Vagrant Gautam

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked intense debate regarding the prevalence of bias in these models and its mitigation. Yet, as exemplified by both results on debiasing methods in the literature and reports of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 David F. Jenny , Yann Billeter , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

This study examines the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for retrieving factual information, addressing concerns over their propensity to produce factually incorrect "hallucinated" responses or to altogether decline to even answer prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Lauren Rhue , Sofie Goethals , Arun Sundararajan

Social media platforms are critical spaces for public discourse, shaping opinions and community dynamics, yet their widespread use has amplified harmful content, particularly hate speech, threatening online safety and inclusivity. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Muhammad Usman , Muhammad Ahmad , M. Shahiki Tash , Irina Gelbukh , Rolando Quintero Tellez , Grigori Sidorov

Recently, there has been a trend of evaluating the Large Language Model (LLM) quality in the flavor of LLM-as-a-Judge, namely leveraging another LLM to evaluate the current output quality. However, existing judges are proven to be biased,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Hongli Zhou , Hui Huang , Yunfei Long , Bing Xu , Conghui Zhu , Hailong Cao , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao
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