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The NASA STEREO mission opened up the possibility to forecast the arrival times, speeds and directions of solar transients from outside the Sun-Earth line. In particular, we are interested in predicting potentially geo-effective…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Christian Möstl , Jackie A. Davies

The Sun constantly releases radiation and plasma into the heliosphere. Sporadically, the Sun launches solar eruptions such as flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). CMEs carry away a huge amount of mass and magnetic flux with them. An…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-02 Khalid A. Alobaid , Jason T. L. Wang

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the main driver of Space Weather. Therefore, a precise forecasting of their likely geo-effectiveness relies on an accurate tracking of their morphological and kinematical evolution throughout the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 T. Nieves-Chinchilla , A. Vourlidas , G. Stenborg , N. P. Savani , A. Koval , A. Szabo , L. K. Jian

A method for the full three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the trajectories of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) using Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) data is presented. Four CMEs that were simultaneously observed by the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-05-14 Shane A. Maloney , Peter T. Gallagher , R. T. James McAteer

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) cause various disturbances of the space environment; therefore, forecasting their arrival time is very important. However, forecasting accuracy is hindered by limited CME observations in interplanetary space.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-13 Kazumasa Iwai , Daikou Shiota , Munetoshi Tokumaru , Kenichi Fujiki , Mitsue Den , Yûki Kubo

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the major drivers of Space Weather (SWx), so predicting their arrival at Earth is a major aspect of SWx forecasting. Despite increasingly complex models proposed over the past decades, the mean absolute…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 Syed Raza , Talwinder Singh , Nikolai Pogorelov

The forecast of the time of arrival of a coronal mass ejection (CME) to Earth is of critical importance for our high-technology society and for any future manned exploration of the Solar System. As critical as the forecast accuracy is the…

The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission's Curiosity rover has been measuring galactic cosmic rays (GCR) as well as solar energetic particles (SEP) on the surface of Mars for more…

A study of the kinematics and arrival times of CMEs at Earth, derived from time-elongation maps (J-maps) constructed from STEREO/Heliospheric Imager (HI) observations, provides an opportunity to understand the heliospheric evolution of CMEs…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-01 Wageesh Mishra , Nandita Srivastava , Jackie A. Davies

Understanding and predicting the structure and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the heliosphere remains one of the most sought-after goals in heliophysics and space weather research. A powerful tool for improving current…

Although vital for life on Earth, solar activity poses questions and increasing threats to humanity due to the Sun's unknown dynamics, intensified by our dependence on terrestrial and space-based infrastructure. This situation is compounded…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-01-06 Leonidas Askianakis

A Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) is an inhomogeneous structure consisting of different features which evolve differently with the propagation of the CME. Simultaneous heliospheric tracking of different observed features of a CME can improve…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Wageesh Mishra , Nandita Srivastava

We present a concept study of a solar wind forecasting method for Earth, based on persistence modeling from STEREO in-situ measurements combined with multi-viewpoint EUV observational data. By comparing the fractional areas of coronal holes…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-01 M. Temmer , J. Hinterreiter , M. A. Reiss

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) cause disturbances in the environment of the Earth when they arrive at the Earth. However, the prediction of the arrival of CMEs still remains a challenge. We have developed an interplanetary scintillation…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-17 Kazumasa Iwai , Daikou Shiota , Munetoshi Tokumaru , Kenichi Fujiki , Mitsue Den , Yûki Kubo

We discuss how simultaneous observations by multiple heliospheric imagers can provide some important information about the azimuthal properties of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) in the heliosphere. We propose two simple models of CME…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-05-03 N. Lugaz , J. N. Hernandez-Charpak , I. I. Roussev , C. J. Davis , A. Vourlidas , J. A. Davies

Halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) are responsible of the most severe geomagnetic storms. A prediction of their geoeffectiveness and travel time to Earth's vicinity is crucial to forecast space weather. Unfortunately coronagraphic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 G. Michalek , N. Gopalswamy , S. Yashiro

We present the first real-time predictions of coronal mass ejection (CME) magnetic structure and resulting geomagnetic impact at Earth for two events using far-upstream observations from Solar Orbiter during March 2024. While our approach…

Accurately predicting the arrival of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the Earth based on remote images is of critical significance in the study of space weather. In this paper, we make a statistical study of 21 Earth directed CMEs,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-06 Tong Shi , Yikang Wang , Linfeng Wan , Xin Cheng , Mingde Ding , Jie Zhang

The Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory - \emph{STEREO}, is a system of two identical spacecraft in Heliocentric Earth orbit. We use the two Heliospheric Imagers (HI), which are wide angle imagers with multi-baffle systems to do high…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-11 Vinothini Sangaralingam , Ian R Stevens

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) as well as their source regions are important because of their space weather consequences. The current understanding of CMEs primarily comes from the Solar and…