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To cooperate with humans effectively, virtual agents need to be able to understand and execute language instructions. A typical setup to achieve this is with a scripted teacher which guides a virtual agent using language instructions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Mathijs Mul , Diane Bouchacourt , Elia Bruni

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) is an essential skill for embodied agents, allowing them to navigate in 3D environments following natural language instructions. High-performance navigation models require a large amount of training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Zihan Wang , Yaohui Zhu , Gim Hee Lee , Yachun Fan

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) poses significant challenges for agents to interpret natural language instructions and navigate complex 3D environments. While recent progress has been driven by large-scale pre-training and data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tianyi Ma , Yue Zhang , Zehao Wang , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Navigation guided by natural language instructions presents a challenging reasoning problem for instruction followers. Natural language instructions typically identify only a few high-level decisions and landmarks rather than complete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Daniel Fried , Ronghang Hu , Volkan Cirik , Anna Rohrbach , Jacob Andreas , Louis-Philippe Morency , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Kate Saenko , Dan Klein , Trevor Darrell

We study language-conditioned visual navigation (LCVN), in which an embodied agent is asked to follow a natural language instruction based only on an initial egocentric observation. Without access to goal images, the agent must rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yifei Dong , Fengyi Wu , Yilong Dai , Lingdong Kong , Guangyu Chen , Xu Zhu , Qiyu Hu , Tianyu Wang , Johnalbert Garnica , Feng Liu , Siyu Huang , Qi Dai , Zhi-Qi Cheng

This paper presents a novel end-to-end Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) navigation approach for long-range visual navigation in the real world. Inspired by dual-process visual navigation system of human's instinct: environment understanding and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Yuci Han , Jianli Wei , Alper Yilmaz

We revisit the problem of Object-Goal Navigation (ObjectNav). In its simplest form, ObjectNav is defined as the task of navigating to an object, specified by its label, in an unexplored environment. In particular, the agent is initialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Dhruv Batra , Aaron Gokaslan , Aniruddha Kembhavi , Oleksandr Maksymets , Roozbeh Mottaghi , Manolis Savva , Alexander Toshev , Erik Wijmans

Mobile robots exploring indoor environments increasingly rely on vision-language models to perceive high-level semantic cues in camera images, such as object categories. Such models offer the potential to substantially advance robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Utkarsh Bajpai , Julius Rückin , Cyrill Stachniss , Marija Popović

Outdoor Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an agent to navigate through realistic 3D outdoor environments based on natural language instructions. The performance of existing VLN methods is limited by insufficient diversity in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Jialu Li , Aishwarya Padmakumar , Gaurav Sukhatme , Mohit Bansal

Instruction-following navigation is a key step toward embodied intelligence. Prior benchmarks mainly focus on semantic understanding but overlook systematically evaluating navigation agents' spatial perception and reasoning capabilities. In…

We introduce NNetNav, a method for unsupervised interaction with websites that generates synthetic demonstrations for training browser agents. Given any website, NNetNav produces these demonstrations by retroactively labeling action…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Shikhar Murty , Hao Zhu , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Christopher D. Manning

Humans can collaborate and complete tasks based on visual signals and instruction from the environment. Training such a robot is difficult especially due to the understanding of the instruction and the complicated environment. Previous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Kairui Zhou

Object goal navigation (ObjectNav) in unseen environments is a fundamental task for Embodied AI. Agents in existing works learn ObjectNav policies based on 2D maps, scene graphs, or image sequences. Considering this task happens in 3D…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Jiazhao Zhang , Liu Dai , Fanpeng Meng , Qingnan Fan , Xuelin Chen , Kai Xu , He Wang

Autonomous language-guided navigation in large-scale outdoor environments remains a key challenge in mobile robotics, due to difficulties in semantic reasoning, dynamic conditions, and long-term stability. We propose CausalNav, the first…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hongbo Duan , Shangyi Luo , Zhiyuan Deng , Yanbo Chen , Yuanhao Chiang , Yi Liu , Fangming Liu , Xueqian Wang

Object Goal Navigation-requiring an agent to locate a specific object in an unseen environment-remains a core challenge in embodied AI. Although recent progress in Vision-Language Model (VLM)-based agents has demonstrated promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Dujun Nie , Xianda Guo , Yiqun Duan , Ruijun Zhang , Long Chen

Spatial cognition enables adaptive goal-directed behavior by constructing internal models of space. Robust biological systems consolidate spatial knowledge into three interconnected forms: \textit{landmarks} for salient cues, \textit{route…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Shouwei Ruan , Liyuan Wang , Caixin Kang , Qihui Zhu , Songming Liu , Xingxing Wei , Hang Su

Learning to follow instructions is of fundamental importance to autonomous agents for vision-and-language navigation (VLN). In this paper, we study how an agent can navigate long paths when learning from a corpus that consists of shorter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Wang Zhu , Hexiang Hu , Jiacheng Chen , Zhiwei Deng , Vihan Jain , Eugene Ie , Fei Sha

Embodied agents are expected to perform object navigation in dynamic, open-world environments. However, existing approaches typically rely on static trajectories and a fixed set of object categories during training, overlooking the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ming-Ming Yu , Fei Zhu , Wenzhuo Liu , Yirong Yang , Qunbo Wang , Wenjun Wu , Jing Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) tasks, yet current applications face challenges. While LLMs excel in general conversation scenarios, they struggle with specialized navigation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yunzhe Xu , Yiyuan Pan , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang

We propose a goal-driven web navigation as a benchmark task for evaluating an agent with abilities to understand natural language and plan on partially observed environments. In this challenging task, an agent navigates through a website,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-23 Rodrigo Nogueira , Kyunghyun Cho