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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as AI agents that operate in short reasoning-action loops, interleaving model computation with external calls. Unlike traditional chat applications, these agentic workloads require…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuning Zhang , Yan Yan , Nan Yang , Dong Yuan

Large language model (LLM) serving demands low latency and high throughput, but high load variability makes it challenging to achieve high GPU utilization. In this paper, we identify a synergetic but overlooked opportunity to co-serve…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yifan Qiao , Shu Anzai , Shan Yu , Haoran Ma , Shuo Yang , Yang Wang , Miryung Kim , Yongji Wu , Yang Zhou , Jiarong Xing , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica , Harry Xu

The rapid growth of generative AI and its integration into everyday workflows have significantly increased the demand for large language model (LLM) inference services. While proprietary models remain popular, recent advancements in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Linyu Wu , Xiaoyuan Liu , Tianneng Shi , Zhe Ye , Dawn Song

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable proficiency in a range of tasks. Compared to in-house homogeneous GPU clusters, deploying LLMs in cloud environments with diverse types of GPUs is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Youhe Jiang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaozhe Yao , Taiyi Wang , Bin Cui , Ana Klimovic , Eiko Yoneki

DistServe improves the performance of large language models (LLMs) serving by disaggregating the prefill and decoding computation. Existing LLM serving systems colocate the two phases and batch the computation of prefill and decoding across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yinmin Zhong , Shengyu Liu , Junda Chen , Jianbo Hu , Yibo Zhu , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin , Hao Zhang

Serverless Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a cost-effective solution for deploying AI services by enabling a 'pay-as-you-go' pricing model through GPU resource sharing. However, cold-start latency, especially the model loading…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Wenbin Zhu , Zhaoyan Shen , Zili Shao , Hongjun Dai , Feng Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) power platforms like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot, enabling richer interactions with text, images, and videos. These heterogeneous workloads introduce additional inference stages, such as vision…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Konstantinos Papaioannou , Thaleia Dimitra Doudali

Global cloud service providers handle inference workloads for Large Language Models (LLMs) that span latency-sensitive (e.g., chatbots) and insensitive (e.g., report writing) tasks, resulting in diverse and often conflicting Service Level…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shashwat Jaiswal , Kunal Jain , Yogesh Simmhan , Anjaly Parayil , Ankur Mallick , Rujia Wang , Renee St. Amant , Chetan Bansal , Victor Rühle , Anoop Kulkarni , Steve Kofsky , Saravan Rajmohan

Serverless computing has grown rapidly for serving Large Language Model (LLM) inference due to its pay-as-you-go pricing, fine-grained GPU usage, and rapid scaling. However, our analysis reveals that current serverless can effectively serve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yifan Sui , Hao Wang , Hanfei Yu , Yitao Hu , Jianxun Li , Hao Wang

The AI datacenters are currently being deployed on a large scale to support the training and deployment of power-intensive large-language models (LLMs). Extensive amount of computation and cooling required in datacenters increase concerns…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-14 Nardos Belay Abera , Yize Chen

Modern LLM serving systems must sustain high throughput while meeting strict latency SLOs across two distinct inference phases: compute-intensive prefill and memory-bound decode phases. Existing approaches either (1) aggregate both phases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Lei Gao , Chaoyi Jiang , Hossein Entezari Zarch , Daniel Wong , Murali Annavaram

Large language models (LLMs) power a new generation of interactive AI applications exemplified by ChatGPT. The interactive nature of these applications demands low latency for LLM inference. Existing LLM serving systems use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Bingyang Wu , Yinmin Zhong , Zili Zhang , Shengyu Liu , Fangyue Liu , Yuanhang Sun , Gang Huang , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

This review report discusses the cold start latency in serverless inference and existing solutions. It particularly reviews the ServerlessLLM method, a system designed to address the cold start problem in serverless inference for large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Himel Ghosh

Serving large language models (LLMs) is expensive, especially for providers hosting many models, making cost reduction essential. The unique workload patterns of serving multiple LLMs (i.e., multi-LLM serving) create new opportunities and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Shan Yu , Jiarong Xing , Yifan Qiao , Mingyuan Ma , Yangmin Li , Yang Wang , Shuo Yang , Zhiqiang Xie , Shiyi Cao , Ke Bao , Ion Stoica , Harry Xu , Ying Sheng

Large language models (LLMs) with different architectures and sizes have been developed. Serving each LLM with dedicated GPUs leads to resource waste and service inefficiency due to the varying demand of LLM requests. A common practice is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yihao Zhao , Jiadun Chen , Peng Sun , Lei Li , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in processing long sequences and complex reasoning tasks, yet efficiently serving these models remains challenging due to the quadratic computational complexity of attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shang Yang , Junxian Guo , Haotian Tang , Qinghao Hu , Guangxuan Xiao , Jiaming Tang , Yujun Lin , Zhijian Liu , Yao Lu , Song Han

The recent advances in LLMs bring a strong demand for efficient system support to improve overall serving efficiency. As LLM inference scales towards multiple GPUs and even multiple compute nodes, various coordination patterns, such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Hongyi Jin , Ruihang Lai , Charlie F. Ruan , Yingcheng Wang , Todd C. Mowry , Xupeng Miao , Zhihao Jia , Tianqi Chen

Serving LLMs with a cluster of GPUs is common nowadays, where the serving system must meet strict latency SLOs required by applications. However, the stateful nature of LLM serving requires maintaining huge states (i.e., KVCache) in limited…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Rongxin Cheng , Yuxin Lai , Xingda Wei , Rong Chen , Haibo Chen

Recent advances in Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) techniques have significantly increased demand for serving quantized large language models (LLMs), enabling higher throughput and substantially reduced memory usage with minimal accuracy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kyungmin Bin , Seungbeom Choi , Jimyoung Son , Jieun Choi , Daseul Bae , Daehyeon Baek , Kihyo Moon , Minsung Jang , Hyojung Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance, and organizations are racing to serve LLMs of varying sizes as endpoints for use-cases like chat, programming and search. However, efficiently serving multiple LLMs…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Jiangfei Duan , Runyu Lu , Haojie Duanmu , Xiuhong Li , Xingcheng Zhang , Dahua Lin , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang
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