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Cosmological simulations are an important method for investigating the evolution of the Universe. In order to gain further insight into the processes of structure formation, it is necessary to identify isolated bound objects within the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-29 Minxing Li , Yun Wang , Ping He

Continuous wavelet analysis is gaining popularity in science and engineering for its ability to analyze data across spatial and scale domains simultaneously. In this study, we introduce a wavelet-based method to identify halos and assess…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-17 Minxing Li , Yun Wang , Ping He

With the ever increasing resolution of N-body simulations, accurate subhalo detection is becoming essential in the study of the formation of structure, the production of merger trees and the seeding of semi-analytic models. To investigate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Stuart I. Muldrew , Frazer R. Pearce , Chris Power

Context. New-generation cosmological simulations are providing huge amounts of data, whose analysis becomes itself a cutting-edge computational problem. In particular, the identification of gravitationally bound structures, known as halo…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-10 David Vallés-Pérez , Susana Planelles , Vicent Quilis

A major question in $\Lambda$CDM is what this theory actually predicts for the properties of subhalo populations. Subhalos are difficult to simulate and to find within simulations, and this propagates into uncertainty in theoretical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-12 Philip Mansfield , Elise Darragh-Ford , Yunchong Wang , Ethan O. Nadler , Risa H. Wechsler

We present a deep-learning-based approach for identifying dark matter haloes in cosmological N-body simulations. Our framework consists of a volumetric Convolutional Neural Network to classify individual simulation particles as either halo…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-26 Soumadeep Maiti , Carlos M. Correa , Andrea Fiorilli , Andrés N. Ruiz , Dante J. Paz , Alejandro Pérez Fernández , Ariel G. Sánchez

The identification of substructures within halos in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations is a fundamental step to identify the simulated counterparts of real objects, namely galaxies. For this reason, substructure finders play a crucial…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-04 Michela Esposito , Stefano Borgani , Giuseppe Murante

We present and test a new halo finder based on the spherical overdensity (SO) method. This new adaptive spherical overdensity halo finder (ASOHF) is able to identify dark matter haloes and their substructures (subhaloes) down to the scales…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Susana Planelles , Vicent Quilis

Dark matter subhalos are the remnants of (incomplete) halo mergers. Identifying them and establishing their evolutionary links in the form of merger trees is one of the most important applications of cosmological simulations. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 Jiaxin Han , Shaun Cole , Carlos S. Frenk , Alejandro Benitez-Llambay , John Helly

Cosmological simulations are the key tool for investigating the different processes involved in the formation of the universe from small initial density perturbations to galaxies and clusters of galaxies observed today. The identification…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Steffen R. Knollmann , Alexander Knebe

Cosmological simulations are essential for inferring cosmological and galaxy population properties based on forward-modelling, but this typically requires finding the population of (sub)haloes and galaxies that they contain. The properties…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Victor J. Forouhar Moreno , John Helly , Robert McGibbon , Joop Schaye , Matthieu Schaller , Jiaxin Han , Roi Kugel , Yannick M. Bahe

Accurately predicting the abundance and structural evolution of dark matter subhaloes is crucial for understanding galaxy formation, modeling galaxy clustering, and constraining the nature of dark matter. Due to the nonlinear nature of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-10-22 Sheridan B. Green , Frank C. van den Bosch

We describe our new "MLAPM-halo-finder" (MHF) which is based on the adaptive grid structure of the N-body code MLAPM. We then extend the MHF code in order to track the orbital evolution of gravitationally bound objects through any given…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Stuart P. D. Gill , Alexander Knebe , Brad K. Gibson

We develop a new code, the Hierarchical Bound-Tracing (HBT for short) code, to find and trace dark matter subhaloes in simulations based on the merger hierarchy of dark matter haloes. Application of this code to a recent benchmark test of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 Jiaxin Han , Y. P. Jing , Huiyuan Wang , Wenting Wang

Modern studies of galaxy formation rely heavily on numerical simulations, which in turn require tools to identify and track self-bound structures in stars and dark matter. In this paper, we present Bloodhound, a new halo tracking algorithm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-01 Hyunsu Kong , Michael Boylan-Kolchin , James S. Bullock

We present a detailed comparison of the substructure properties of a single Milky Way sized dark matter halo from the Aquarius suite at five different resolutions, as identified by a variety of different (sub-)halo finders for simulations…

[abridged] We present a detailed comparison of fundamental dark matter halo properties retrieved by a substantial number of different halo finders. These codes span a wide range of techniques including friends-of-friends (FOF),…

Dark matter subhaloes are key for the predictions of simulations of structure formation, but their existence frequently ends prematurely due to two technical issues, namely numerical disruption in N-body simulations and halo finders failing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-03 Benedikt Diemer , Peter Behroozi , Philip Mansfield

The inner region of a subhalo's density distribution is particularly sensitive to dark matter microphysics, with alternative dark matter models leading to both cored and steeply-rising inner density profiles. This work investigates how the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-25 Kassidy E. Kollmann , James W. Nightingale , Mariangela Lisanti , Andrew Robertson , Oren Slone

Multiresolution analysis is applied to the problem of halo identification in cosmological N-body simulations. The procedure makes use of a discrete wavelet transform known as the algorithme a trous and segmentation analysis. It has the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Michael D. Seymour , Lawrence M. Widrow
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