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This paper addresses the distributed frequency control problem in a multi-area power system taking into account of unknown time-varying power imbalance. Particularly, fast controllable loads are utilized to restore system frequency under…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Zhaojian Wang , Shengwei Mei , Feng Liu , Steven H. Low , Peng Yang

The transition towards clean energy and the introduction of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are giving rise to the emergence of Microgrids (MGs) and Networks of MGs (NMGs). MGs and NMGs can operate autonomously in islanded mode.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Ahmed Saad Al-Karsani , Maryam Khanbaghi , Aleksandar Zečević

The energy transition towards renewable based power provision requires improved monitoring and control of distributed energy resources (DERs), installed predominantly at the distribution grid level. Due to the gradual phase out of thermal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-03 Neelotpal Majumdar , Marcel Sarstedt , Lutz Hofmann

The electrical grid is evolving from a network consisting of mostly synchronous machines to a mixture of synchronous machines and inverter-based resources such as wind, solar, and energy storage. This transformation has led to a decrease in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-29 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, frequency response and its security are of significant concerns for reliable power system operations. Frequency-constrained unit commitment (FCUC) is proposed to address this challenge.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-14 Yichen Zhang , Hantao Cui , Jianzhe Liu , Feng Qiu , Tianqi Hong , Rui Yao , Fangxing Li

Voltage unbalance, caused by variations in voltage magnitude and phase angle, is a significant power quality issue in three-phase systems, leading to equipment inefficiencies and increased system losses. The integration of distributed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-30 Alireza Zabihi , Luis Badesa , Araceli Hernandez

This paper presents an extensive multi-period optimal power flow framework, with new modelling elements, for smart LV distribution systems that rely on residential flexibility for combating operational issues. A detailed performance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-26 Iason-Iraklis Avramidis , Florin Capitanescu , Geert Deconinck

Due to the rapid developments in synchronized measurement technologies, there exist enormous opportunities to attenuate disturbances in future power grids with high penetration of renewables and complex load demands. To that end, this paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 Muhammad Nadeem , MirSaleh Bahavarnia , Ahmad F. Taha

Power distribution networks, especially in North America, are often unbalanced due to the mix of single-, two- and three-phase networks as well as due to the high penetration of single-phase devices at the distribution level such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-29 Rahul K. Gupta

Voltage (Volt) and reactive-power (VAR) control in transmission networks is critical for reliability and increasingly needs fast, implementable decisions. This paper presents a transmission Volt/VAR Optimization (VVO) framework that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Shuaicheng Tong , Michael A. Boateng , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck

This paper studies a power transmission system with both conventional generators (CGs) and distributed energy assets (DEAs) providing frequency control. We consider an operating condition with demand aggregating two dynamic components: one…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Mahmoud Abdelgalil , Vishal Shenoy , Guido Cavraro , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Jorge I. Poveda

This letter proposes a network-wide coordinated optimization model to mitigate voltage unbalance (VU) by unleashing the remaining capacity of community inverter-based resources (IBRs). Existing single-sequence strategies ignore coupled…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Tiantian Ji , Pengfeng Lin , Miao Zhu , Stephan M. Goetz , Ahmed Abu-Siada , Syed Islam

The large penetration of distributed generations impacts both the secondary low-voltage (LV) and the primary medium-voltage (MV) segments of the distribution network. Optimizing power flow calculations for the integrated MV/LV networks is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Abduljalil S. Aljadani , Firdous U. Nazir , Bikash C. Pal , Izudin Džafić , Rabih A. Jabr

This paper addresses the problem of output voltage regulation for multiple DC/DC converters connected to a microgrid, and prescribes a scheme for sharing power among different sources. This architecture is structured in such a way that it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-12 Mayank Baranwal , Alireza Askarian , Srinivasa M. Salapaka

This paper proposes a disturbance-observer-based control (DOBC) scheme for frequency and voltage regulation for a renewable energy sources (RES) integrated power systems. The proposed approach acts a feed-forward control which improves the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-03 Himanshu Grover , Ashu Verma , T. S. Bhatti

Volt-VAr control is a popular method for mitigating overvoltage violations caused by high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution feeders. An inherent limitation of volt-VAr control is that the reactive power (Q)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-29 Madhura Sondharangalla , Dan Moldovan , Raja Ayyanar

As the penetration of Grid-Following inverters (GFL) in power systems continues to increase, the dynamic characteristics of power systems undergo significant transformations. Recently, modal analysis based on the impedance model (MAI) has…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Le Zheng , Jiajie Zheng , Lei Chen , Chongru Liu

Power system coherency refers to the phenomenon that machines in a power network exhibit similar frequency responses after disturbances, and is foundational for model reduction and control design. Despite abundant empirical observations,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Yixuan Liu , Yingzhu Liu , Pengcheng You

Passivity indices have been widely adopted to derive distributed stability certificates for power systems. Nevertheless, conventional passivity indices remain scalar-valued even for multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems, which can…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Xi Ru , Cong Fu , Zhongze Li , Xiaoyu Peng , Feng Liu

Electrical Distribution Systems are extensively penetrated with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to cater the energy demands with the general perception that it enhances the system's resilience. However, integration of DERs may adversely…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Divyanshi Dwivedi , Pradeep Kumar Yemula , Mayukha Pal