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Language models are now prevalent in software engineering with many developers using them to automate tasks and accelerate their development. While language models have been tremendous at accomplishing complex software engineering tasks,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Daniel Nichols , Konstantinos Parasyris , Charles Jekel , Abhinav Bhatele , Harshitha Menon

GPU kernels are critical for ML performance but difficult to optimize across diverse accelerators. We present KForge, a platform-agnostic framework built on two collaborative LLM-based agents: a generation agent that produces and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Taras Sereda , Tom St. John , Burak Bartan , Natalie Serrino , Sachin Katti , Zain Asgar

GPU kernels have come to the forefront of computing due to their utility in varied fields, from high-performance computing to machine learning. A typical GPU compute kernel is invoked millions, if not billions of times in a typical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Khawir Mahmood , Jehandad Khan , Hammad Afzal

We present Kernel-Smith, a framework for high-performance GPU kernel and operator generation that combines a stable evaluation-driven evolutionary agent with an evolution-oriented post-training recipe. On the agent side, Kernel-Smith…

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven a growing demand for automated, high-performance system kernels to accelerate machine learning workloads. We introduce TritonRL, a domain-specialized 8B-scale LLM for Triton…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiin Woo , Shaowei Zhu , Allen Nie , Zhen Jia , Yida Wang , Youngsuk Park

Automatic code generation is frequently used to create implementations of algorithms specifically tuned to particular hardware and application parameters. The code generation process involves the selection of adequate code transformations,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Dominik Ernst , Markus Holzer , Georg Hager , Matthias Knorr , Gerhard Wellein

Developing efficient CUDA kernels is a fundamental yet challenging task in the generative AI industry. Recent research leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically convert PyTorch reference implementations to CUDA kernels,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Siqi Guo , Ming Lin , Tianbao Yang

Improving GPU kernel efficiency is crucial for advancing AI systems. Recent work has explored leveraging large language models (LLMs) for GPU kernel generation and optimization. However, existing LLM-based kernel optimization pipelines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Qitong Sun , Jun Han , Tianlin Li , Zhe Tang , Sheng Chen , Fei Yang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Yang Liu

GPU code optimization is a key performance bottleneck for HPC workloads as well as large-model training and inference. Although compiler optimizations and hand-written kernels can partially alleviate this issue, achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Qiuyi Qu , Yicheng Sui , Yufei Sun , Rui Chen , Xiaofei Zhang , Yuzhi Zhang , Haofeng Wang , Ge Lan

This paper is devoted to GPU kernel optimization and performance analysis of three tensor-product operators arising in finite element methods. We provide a mathematical background to these operations and implementation details. Achieving…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Kasia Świrydowicz , Noel Chalmers , Ali Karakus , Timothy Warburton

Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications, such as Large Language Models, are primarily driven and executed by Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). These GPU programs (kernels) consume substantial amounts of energy, yet software developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Saurabhsingh Rajput , Alexander Brandt , Vadim Elisseev , Tushar Sharma

Modern AI workloads rely heavily on optimized computing kernels for both training and inference. These AI kernels follow well-defined data-flow patterns, such as moving tiles between DRAM and SRAM and performing a sequence of computations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Lei Wang , Yu Cheng , Yining Shi , Zhengju Tang , Zhiwen Mo , Wenhao Xie , Lingxiao Ma , Yuqing Xia , Jilong Xue , Fan Yang , Zhi Yang

LLM-based Triton kernel generation has attracted significant interest, yet a fundamental empirical question remains unanswered: where does this capability break down, and why? We present KernelBenchX, a benchmark designed to answer this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Han Wang , Jintao Zhang , Kai Jiang , Haoxu Wang , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) uses runtime profiling to direct compiler optimization decisions, effectively combining static analysis with actual execution behavior to enhance performance. Runtime profiles, collected through…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Bingxin Liu , Yinghui Huang , Jianhua Gao , Jianjun Shi , Yongpeng Liu , Yipin Sun , Weixing Ji

For large-scale graph analytics on the GPU, the irregularity of data access and control flow, and the complexity of programming GPUs, have presented two significant challenges to developing a programmable high-performance graph library.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-01-06 Yangzihao Wang , Yuechao Pan , Andrew Davidson , Yuduo Wu , Carl Yang , Leyuan Wang , Muhammad Osama , Chenshan Yuan , Weitang Liu , Andy T. Riffel , John D. Owens

In high-performance computing, hotspot GPU kernels are primary bottlenecks, and expert manual tuning is costly and hard to port. Large language model methods often assume kernels can be compiled and executed cheaply, which fails in large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Ruifan Chu , Anbang Wang , Xiuxiu Bai , Shuai Liu , Xiaoshe Dong

Optimizing the performance of GPU kernels is challenging for both human programmers and code generators. For example, CUDA programmers must set thread and block parameters for a kernel, but might not have the intuition to make a good…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-06-30 Robert V. Lim , Boyana Norris , Allen D. Malony

Optimizing GPU kernels presents a significantly greater challenge for large language models (LLMs) than standard code generation tasks, as it requires understanding hardware architecture, parallel optimization strategies, and performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Nina Wiedemann , Quentin Leboutet , Michael Paulitsch , Diana Wofk , Benjamin Ummenhofer

The signature kernel is a positive definite kernel for sequential and temporal data that has become increasingly popular in machine learning applications due to powerful theoretical guarantees, strong empirical performance, and recently…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-15 Csaba Tóth , Danilo Jr Dela Cruz , Harald Oberhauser

GPUs have been favored for training deep learning models due to their highly parallelized architecture. As a result, most studies on training optimization focus on GPUs. There is often a trade-off, however, between cost and efficiency when…