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Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated strong performance in audio understanding and generation. Yet, our extensive benchmarking reveals that their behavior is largely generic (e.g., summarizing spoken content) and fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yuwen Wang , Xinyuan Qian , Tian-Hao Zhang , Jiaran Gao , Yuchen Pan , Xin Wang , Zhou Pan , Chen Wei , Yiming Wang

While Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) achieve strong performance on short audio, they degrade on long-form inputs. This degradation is more severe in temporal awareness tasks, where temporal alignment becomes increasingly inaccurate as…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Mingchen Shao , Hang Su , Wenjie Tian , Bingshen Mu , Zhennan Lin , Lichun Fan , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan , Lei Xie

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) plays a crucial role in digitizing historical and multilingual documents, yet OCR errors - imperfect extraction of text, including character insertion, deletion, and substitution can significantly impact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Bhawna Piryani , Jamshid Mozafari , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Antoine Doucet , Adam Jatowt

Large audio language models (ALMs) extend LLMs with auditory understanding. A common approach freezes the LLM and trains only an adapter on self-generated targets. However, this fails for reasoning LLMs (RLMs) whose built-in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Petr Grinberg , Hassan Shahmohammadi

While Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have advanced audio captioning, robust evaluation remains difficult. Reference-based metrics are expensive and often fail to assess acoustic fidelity, while Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Insung Lee , Taeyoung Jeong , Haejun Yoo , Du-Seong Chang , Myoung-Wan Koo

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are enhanced with audio perception capabilities, enabling them to effectively process and understand multimodal inputs that combine audio and text. However, their performance in handling conflicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Cheng Wang , Gelei Deng , Xianglin Yang , Han Qiu , Tianwei Zhang

Evaluating the quality of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and document reranking systems remains challenging due to the lack of scalable, user-centric, and multi-perspective evaluation tools. We introduce RankArena, a unified platform…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Mahmoud Abdalla , Bhawna Piryani , Jamshid Mozafari , Mohammed Ali , Adam Jatowt

With advancements in large audio-language models (LALMs), which enhance large language models (LLMs) with auditory capabilities, these models are expected to demonstrate universal proficiency across various auditory tasks. While numerous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Chih-Kai Yang , Neo S. Ho , Hung-yi Lee

Language Models (LMs) have shown promising performance in natural language generation. However, as LMs often generate incorrect or hallucinated responses, it is crucial to correctly quantify their uncertainty in responding to given inputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Xinmeng Huang , Shuo Li , Mengxin Yu , Matteo Sesia , Hamed Hassani , Insup Lee , Osbert Bastani , Edgar Dobriban

Automatic evaluation of retrieval augmented generation (RAG) systems relies on fine-grained dimensions like faithfulness and relevance, as judged by expert human annotators. Meta-evaluation benchmarks support the development of automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 María Andrea Cruz Blandón , Jayasimha Talur , Bruno Charron , Dong Liu , Saab Mansour , Marcello Federico

Most crowdsourcing learning methods treat disagreement between annotators as noisy labelings while inter-disagreement among experts is often a good indicator for the ambiguity and uncertainty that is inherent in natural language. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Xiaolei Lu

This study demonstrates that a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) adapted via Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) can perform both Automatic Pronunciation Assessment (APA) and Mispronunciation Detection and Diagnosis (MDD) simultaneously.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Taekyung Ahn , Hosung Nam

The Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) task asks models to generate natural language descriptions of an audio input. Evaluating these machine-generated audio captions is a complex task that requires considering diverse factors, among them,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tsung-Han Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell , David M. Chan

Open domain question answering systems frequently rely on information retrieved from large collections of text (such as the Web) to answer questions. However, such collections of text often contain conflicting information, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Siyi Liu , Qiang Ning , Kishaloy Halder , Wei Xiao , Zheng Qi , Phu Mon Htut , Yi Zhang , Neha Anna John , Bonan Min , Yassine Benajiba , Dan Roth

Although text-to-audio generation has made remarkable progress in realism and diversity, the development of evaluation metrics has not kept pace. Widely-adopted approaches, typically based on embedding similarity like CLAPScore, effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Chun-Yi Kuan , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee

8 years after the visual question answering (VQA) task was proposed, accuracy remains the primary metric for automatic evaluation. VQA Accuracy has been effective so far in the IID evaluation setting. However, our community is undergoing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Oscar Mañas , Benno Krojer , Aishwarya Agrawal

Evaluating the quality of free-text explanations is a multifaceted, subjective, and labor-intensive task. Large language models (LLMs) present an appealing alternative due to their potential for consistency, scalability, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ana Brassard , Benjamin Heinzerling , Keito Kudo , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

Audio Large Language Models (Audio LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in integrating speech perception with language understanding. However, whether their internal representations align with human neural dynamics during…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haoyun Yang , Xin Xiao , Jiang Zhong , Yu Tian , Dong Xiaohua , Yu Mao , Hao Wu , Kaiwen Wei

Reward models (RMs) have become essential for aligning large language models (LLMs), serving as scalable proxies for human evaluation in both training and inference. However, existing RMs struggle on knowledge-intensive and long-form tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ziyou Hu , Zhengliang Shi , Minghang Zhu , Haitao Li , Teng Sun , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Large language models (LLMs) often rely on outdated knowledge when answering time-sensitive questions, leading to confident yet incorrect responses. Without explicit signals indicating whether up-to-date information is required, models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Bhawna Piryani , Zehra Mert , Adam Jatowt