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Related papers: A note on lower bounds for numerical series

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We introduce a method to derive theorems from Elementary Number Theory by means of relationships among formal languages. Using $\sigma$-algebras, we define what a proof of a number-theoretical statement by Language Theory means. We prove…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-09-28 José Manuel Rodríguez Caballero

We report on a verification of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra in ACL2(r). The proof consists of four parts. First, continuity for both complex-valued and real-valued functions of complex numbers is defined, and it is shown that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Ruben Gamboa , John Cowles

We introduce sound and complete labelled sequent calculi for the basic normal non-distributive modal logic L and some of its axiomatic extensions, where the labels are atomic formulas of the first order language of enriched formal contexts,…

Proofs of the fundamental theorem of algebra can be divided up into three groups according to the techniques involved: proofs that rely on real or complex analysis, algebraic proofs, and topological proofs. Algebraic proofs make use of the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-04-23 Piotr Błaszczyk

We introduce labelled sequent calculi for the basic normal non-distributive modal logic L and 31 of its axiomatic extensions, where the labels are atomic formulas of a first order language which is interpreted on the canonical extensions of…

We give simple proofs, under minimal hypotheses, of the Weak Law of Large Numbers and the Central Limit Theorem for independent identically distributed random variables. These proofs use only the elementary calculus, together with the most…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-07-26 Nicholas Pippenger

We give an elementary proof of Kelley's theorem based on a minimax argument. Some applications to related problems are also developed.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-24 Gianluca Cassese

An elementary proof of an identity by Lyons, Paule and Riese is given. It is simpler than all the 3 published proofs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-05-22 Helmut Prodinger

We present a simple short proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, without complex analysis and with a minimal use of topology. It can be taught in a first year calculus class.

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2021-01-29 Ricardo Pérez-Marco

We present short elementary proofs of the well-known Ruffini-Abel-Galois theorems on insolvability of algebraic equations in radicals. These proofs are obtained from existing expositions by stripping away material not required for the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-01-08 A. Skopenkov

A series of lecture notes on the elementary theory of algebraic numbers, using only knowledge of a first-semester graduate course in algebra (primarily groups and rings). No prerequisite knowledge of fields is required. Based primarily on…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Steve Wright

The aim of this short note is to provide a proof to a statement of Sierpi\'nski concerning the number of possible sums of a series (of type $\lambda<\aleph_1$) of arbitrary ordinal numbers.

Logic · Mathematics 2022-01-20 Marco Trombetti

We present the basic theory of calculus on dual real numbers, and prove the counterpart of the ordinary fundamental theorem of calculus in the context of dual real numbers.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Keqin Liu

We give a proof of Fermat's little theorem which does not use nor arithmetic(Euclidean algorithm) neither algebra (group theory), but it rather employs the field of the formal power series Q((x)). The note is an example of a mathematical…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-03 Giedrius Alkauskas

Extending and generalizing the approach of 2-sequents (Masini, 1992), we present sequent calculi for the classical modal logics in the K, D, T, S4 spectrum. The systems are presented in a uniform way-different logics are obtained by tuning…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Simone Martini , Andrea Masini , Margherita Zorzi

In this note, we prove a theorem covering Chartrand, Kaigars, and Lick's theorem in [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 32 (1972), 63-68]. As an application, we give a simpler proof of theorem proved by Mader [J. Graph Theory 65 (2010), 61-69. (Theorem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-10 Zhong Huang , Meng Ji

The goal of this expository article is to present a proof that is as direct and elementary as possible of the fundamental theorem of complex multiplication (Shimura, Taniyama, Langlands, Tate, Deligne et al.). The article is a revision of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-24 J. S. Milne

These notes give an elementary approach to parts of the theory of standard Borel and analytic spaces.

Probability · Mathematics 2008-09-19 Chris Preston

In this short note we explain how one can use established results to prove various versions of the positive mass theorem for initial data sets with boundary, in dimensions less than 8.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-11 Gregory J. Galloway , Dan A. Lee

Lower bounds on the proof-theoretic strength of the graph minor theorem were found over 30 years ago by Friedman, Robertson and Seymour 1987, but upper bounds have always been elusive. We present recently found upper bounds on the graph…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Martin Krombholz , Michael Rathjen