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Test-time algorithms that combine the generative power of language models with process verifiers that assess the quality of partial generations offer a promising lever for eliciting new reasoning capabilities, but the algorithmic design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Dhruv Rohatgi , Abhishek Shetty , Donya Saless , Yuchen Li , Ankur Moitra , Andrej Risteski , Dylan J. Foster

Inference-time scaling via repeated sampling has shown promise in reasoning tasks, but its effectiveness in multilingual generation remains underexplored. We evaluate this approach using perplexity- and reward-based verifiers on two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Vivek Srikumar

Accurately controlling object count in text-to-image generation remains a key challenge. Supervised methods often fail, as training data rarely covers all count variations. Methods that manipulate the denoising process to add or remove…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Oz Zafar , Yuval Cohen , Lior Wolf , Idan Schwartz

Test-time scaling for complex reasoning tasks shows that leveraging inference-time compute, by methods such as independently sampling and aggregating multiple solutions, results in significantly better task outcomes. However, a critical…

Recent breakthroughs in diffusion models, multimodal pretraining, and efficient finetuning have led to an explosion of text-to-image generative models. Given human evaluation is expensive and difficult to scale, automated methods are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Dhruba Ghosh , Hanna Hajishirzi , Ludwig Schmidt

Lately, there has been a surge in interest surrounding generative modeling of time series data. Most existing approaches are designed either to process short sequences or to handle long-range sequences. This dichotomy can be attributed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ilan Naiman , Nimrod Berman , Itai Pemper , Idan Arbiv , Gal Fadlon , Omri Azencot

How humans can effectively and efficiently acquire images has always been a perennial question. A classic solution is text-to-image retrieval from an existing database; however, the limited database typically lacks creativity. By contrast,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Leigang Qu , Haochuan Li , Tan Wang , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

Inference-time scaling has proven effective in boosting large language model (LLM) performance through increased test-time computation. Yet, its practical application is often hindered by reliance on external verifiers or a lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Fei Wang , Xingchen Wan , Ruoxi Sun , Jiefeng Chen , Sercan Ö. Arık

Test-time scaling aims to improve language model performance by leveraging additional compute during inference. Many works have empirically studied techniques such as Best-of-N (BoN) and Rejection Sampling (RS) that make use of a verifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Florian E. Dorner , Yatong Chen , André F. Cruz , Fanny Yang

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly solve complex reasoning tasks via long chain-of-thought, but their forward-only autoregressive generation process is fragile; early token errors can cascade, which creates a clear need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jian Mu , Qixin Zhang , Zhiyong Wang , Menglin Yang , Shuang Qiu , Chengwei Qin , Zhongxiang Dai , Yao Shu

Text-to-image diffusion models often degrade when sampled at resolutions outside the final training resolution set. Prior work has largely emphasized higher resolution generation, enabling pretrained diffusion models to extrapolate beyond…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ruozhen He , Moayed Haji-Ali , Ziyan Yang , Vicente Ordonez

Threshold tests have recently been proposed as a useful method for detecting bias in lending, hiring, and policing decisions. For example, in the case of credit extensions, these tests aim to estimate the bar for granting loans to white and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-13 Emma Pierson , Sam Corbett-Davies , Sharad Goel

While scaling test-time compute can substantially improve model performance, existing approaches either rely on static compute allocation or sample from fixed generation distributions. In this work, we introduce a test-time compute…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bowen Zuo , Dongruo Zhou , Yinglun Zhu

This paper introduces several techniques that improve the scalability of the deductive verification of data-level programs working on arrays and matrices. First of all, we introduce a technique to rewrite expressions with (nested)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Lars B. van den Haak , Anton Wijs , Marieke Huisman

Sampling-based search, a simple paradigm for utilizing test-time compute, involves generating multiple candidate responses and selecting the best one -- typically by having models self-verify each response for correctness. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Eric Zhao , Pranjal Awasthi , Sreenivas Gollapudi

Increasing test-time computation has emerged as a promising direction for improving language model performance, particularly in scenarios where model finetuning is impractical or impossible due to computational constraints or private model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Gonçalo Faria , Noah A. Smith

With the growing demand for high-quality image generation on resource-constrained devices, efficient diffusion models have received increasing attention. However, such models suffer from approximation errors introduced by efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yunshan Zhong , Weiqi Yan , Yuxin Zhang

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have significantly advanced image synthesis, however, the synthesis quality drops significantly given a limited amount of training data. To improve the data efficiency of GAN training, prior work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Ceyuan Yang , Yujun Shen , Yinghao Xu , Bolei Zhou

Test-time scaling through reward-guided generation remains largely unexplored for discrete diffusion models despite its potential as a promising alternative. In this work, we introduce Iterative Reward-Guided Refinement (IterRef), a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Sanghyun Lee , Sunwoo Kim , Seungryong Kim , Jongho Park , Dongmin Park

Generative AI models have recently achieved astonishing results in quality and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. However, since they are highly data-driven, relying on billion-sized datasets randomly…