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Future Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV), and more generally ITS, will form a highly interconnected system. Such a paradigm is referred to as the Internet of Vehicles (herein Internet of CAVs) and is a prerequisite to orchestrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Xiaoyang Wang , Ioannis Mavromatis , Andrea Tassi , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Robert J. Piechocki

Deep reinforcement learning has shown promise in various engineering applications, including vehicular traffic control. The non-stationary nature of traffic, especially in the lane-free environment with more degrees of freedom in vehicle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Mehran Berahman , Majid Rostami-Shahrbabaki , Klaus Bogenberger

The progress of automotive technologies has made cybersecurity a crucial focus, leading to various cyber attacks. These attacks primarily target the Controller Area Network (CAN) and specialized Electronic Control Units (ECUs). In order to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yangyang Liu , Lei Xue , Sishan Wang , Xiapu Luo , Kaifa Zhao , Pengfei Jing , Xiaobo Ma , Yajuan Tang , Haiying Zhou

Efficient key management for automotive networks (CAN) is a critical element, governing the adoption of security in the next generation of vehicles. A recent promising approach for dynamic key agreement between groups of nodes,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Shalabh Jain , Qian Wang , Md Tanvir Arafin , Jorge Guajardo

While emerging adaptive cruise control (ACC) technologies are making their way into more vehicles, they also expose a vulnerability to potential malicious cyberattacks. Previous research has typically focused on constant or stochastic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Shian Wang

Coordination among connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) is advancing due to developments in control and communication technologies. However, much of the current work is based on oversimplified and unrealistic task-specific assumptions,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Rui Du , Kai Zhao , Jinlong Hou , Qiang Zhang , Peter Zhang

Testing and evaluation are expensive but critical steps in the development of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). In this paper, we develop an adaptive sampling framework to efficiently evaluate the accident rate of CAVs, particularly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Xianliang Gong , Shuo Feng , Yulin Pan

Autonomous driving is a research direction that has gained enormous traction in the last few years thanks to advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Depending on the level of independence from the human driver, several studies show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Francesco Marchiori , Alessandro Brighente , Mauro Conti

As modern vehicles evolve into intelligent and connected systems, their growing complexity introduces significant cybersecurity risks. Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA) has therefore become essential for managing these risks under…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yuqiao Yang , Yongzhao Zhang , Wenhao Liu , Jun Li , Pengtao Shi , DingYu Zhong , Jie Yang , Ting Chen , Sheng Cao , Yuntao Ren , Yongyue Wu , Xiaosong Zhang

While connected vehicle (CV) applications have the potential to revolutionize traditional transportation system, cyber and physical attacks on them could be devastating. In this work, we propose an efficient dual cyber-physical blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Xiangguo Liu , Baiting Luo , Ahmed Abdo , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , Qi Zhu

Autonomous vehicles increasingly rely on deep learning-based perception and control, which impose substantial computational demands. Cloud-assisted architectures offload these functions to remote servers, enabling enhanced perception and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Maher Al Islam , Amr S. El-Wakeel

Cybersecurity threats are increasingly marked by interdependence, uncertainty, and evolving complexity challenges that traditional assessment methods such as CVSS, STRIDE, and attack trees fail to adequately capture. This paper reviews the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Sangita Sridar

Modern vehicles, including autonomous vehicles and connected vehicles, are increasingly connected to the external world, which enables various functionalities and services. However, the improving connectivity also increases the attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Li Yang , Abdallah Shami

Electric Vehicles (EVs) share common technologies with classical fossil-fueled cars, but they also employ novel technologies and components (e.g., Charging System and Battery Management System) that create an unexplored attack surface for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Alessandro Brighente , Mauro Conti , Denis Donadel , Radha Poovendran , Federico Turrin , Jianying Zhou

Electric vehicles (EVs) have drastically changed the auto industry and developed a new era of technologies where power electronics play the leading role in traction management, energy conversion and vehicle control processes. Nevertheless,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Siddhesh Pimpale

Nowadays, vehicles have complex in-vehicle networks (IVNs) with millions of lines of code controlling almost every function in the vehicle including safety-critical functions. It has recently been shown that IVNs are becoming increasingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Nasser Nowdehi , Wissam Aoudi , Magnus Almgren , Tomas Olovsson

The emergence of intelligent, connected vehicles, containing complex functionality has potential to greatly benefit society by improving safety, security and efficiency of vehicular transportation. Much of this has been enabled by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Fahad Siddiqui , Matthew Hagan , Sakir Sezer

The Internet of Electric Vehicles (IoEV) envisions a tightly coupled ecosystem of electric vehicles (EVs), charging infrastructure, and grid services, yet it remains vulnerable to cyberattacks, unreliable battery-state predictions, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Meryem Malak Dif , Mouhamed Amine Bouchiha , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

The automotive industry is experiencing a serious transformation due to a digitalisation process and the transition to the new paradigm of Mobility-as-a-Service. The next-generation vehicles are going to be very complex cyber-physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Michele Scalas , Giorgio Giacinto

In today's modern farm, an increasing number of agricultural systems and vehicles are connected to the Internet. While the benefits of networked agricultural machinery are attractive, this technological shift is also creating an environment…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Mark Freyhof , George Grispos , Santosh Pitla , Cody Stolle