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Language models are vulnerable to short adversarial suffixes that can reliably alter predictions. Previous works usually find such suffixes with gradient search or rule-based methods, but these are brittle and often tied to a single task or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Sampriti Soor , Suklav Ghosh , Arijit Sur

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent and integrated into autonomous systems, ensuring their safety is imperative. Despite significant strides toward safety alignment, recent work GCG~\citep{zou2023universal}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zeyi Liao , Huan Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited outstanding performance in natural language processing tasks. However, these models remain susceptible to adversarial attacks in which slight input perturbations can lead to harmful or misleading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Minkyoung Kim , Yunha Kim , Hyeram Seo , Heejung Choi , Jiye Han , Gaeun Kee , Soyoung Ko , HyoJe Jung , Byeolhee Kim , Young-Hak Kim , Sanghyun Park , Tae Joon Jun

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications, ensuring their robustness and safety alignment remains a major challenge. Despite the overall success of alignment techniques such as reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Sajib Biswas , Mao Nishino , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu

Neural language models have been widely used in various NLP tasks, including machine translation, next word prediction and conversational agents. However, it is challenging to deploy these models on mobile devices due to their slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Patrick H. Chen , Si Si , Sanjiv Kumar , Yang Li , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Although large language models (LLMs) are typically aligned, they remain vulnerable to jailbreaking through either carefully crafted prompts in natural language or, interestingly, gibberish adversarial suffixes. However, gibberish tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Vishal Kumar , Zeyi Liao , Jaylen Jones , Huan Sun

Methods for learning word sense embeddings represent a single word with multiple sense-specific vectors. These methods should not only produce interpretable sense embeddings, but should also learn how to select which sense to use in a given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Fenfei Guo , Mohit Iyyer , Jordan Boyd-Graber

We propose the first character-level white-box adversarial attack method against transformer models. The intuition of our method comes from the observation that words are split into subtokens before being fed into the transformer models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Aiwei Liu , Honghai Yu , Xuming Hu , Shu'ang Li , Li Lin , Fukun Ma , Yawen Yang , Lijie Wen

Language Language Models (LLMs) face safety concerns due to potential misuse by malicious users. Recent red-teaming efforts have identified adversarial suffixes capable of jailbreaking LLMs using the gradient-based search algorithm Greedy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Hongfu Liu , Yuxi Xie , Ye Wang , Michael Shieh

Despite significant ongoing efforts in safety alignment, large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and LLaMA 3 remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that can induce harmful behaviors, including through the use of adversarial suffixes.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Yige Li , Jun Sun

Word embedding parameters often dominate overall model sizes in neural methods for natural language processing. We reduce deployed model sizes of text classifiers by learning a hard word clustering in an end-to-end manner. We use the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Mingda Chen , Kevin Gimpel

Adversarial examples highlight model vulnerabilities and are useful for evaluation and interpretation. We define universal adversarial triggers: input-agnostic sequences of tokens that trigger a model to produce a specific prediction when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Eric Wallace , Shi Feng , Nikhil Kandpal , Matt Gardner , Sameer Singh

This paper proposes an encoder-decoder architecture grounded on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), that generates a sequence of activities and their timestamps in an end-to-end way. GANs work well with differentiable data such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Farbod Taymouri , Marcello La Rosa

Training a classifier over a large number of classes, known as 'extreme classification', has become a topic of major interest with applications in technology, science, and e-commerce. Traditional softmax regression induces a gradient cost…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-18 Robert Bamler , Stephan Mandt

Large Language Models are increasingly used as zero-shot classifiers in complex reasoning tasks. However, standard constrained decoding suffers from a phenomenon we define as Renormalization Bias. When a model is restricted to a small set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sanket Badhe , Priyanka Tiwari , Deep Shah

A novel hack involving Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged, exploiting adversarial suffixes to deceive models into generating perilous responses. Such jailbreaks can trick LLMs into providing intricate instructions to a malicious user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Gabriel Alon , Michael Kamfonas

Many machine learning tasks require sampling a subset of items from a collection based on a parameterized distribution. The Gumbel-softmax trick can be used to sample a single item, and allows for low-variance reparameterized gradients with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Sang Michael Xie , Stefano Ermon

LLMs have shown impressive capabilities across various natural language processing tasks, yet remain vulnerable to input prompts, known as jailbreak attacks, carefully designed to bypass safety guardrails and elicit harmful responses.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Advik Raj Basani , Xiao Zhang

We study suffix-based jailbreaks$\unicode{x2013}$a powerful family of attacks against large language models (LLMs) that optimize adversarial suffixes to circumvent safety alignment. Focusing on the widely used foundational GCG attack, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Matan Ben-Tov , Mor Geva , Mahmood Sharif

The safety defense methods of Large language models(LLMs) stays limited because the dangerous prompts are manually curated to just few known attack types, which fails to keep pace with emerging varieties. Recent studies found that attaching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hao Wang , Hao Li , Minlie Huang , Lei Sha
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