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Deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful types of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that use several hidden layers. They have recently gained considerable attention in the speech transcription and image recognition community (Krizhevsky et…

Current models on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) have shown an evident and quantified lack of reliability for measuring feature-relevance when statistically entangled features are proposed for training deep classifiers. There has…

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving paradigm where multiple participants jointly solve a machine learning problem without sharing raw data. Unlike traditional distributed learning, a unique characteristic of FL is statistical…

Deep convolutional neural network (DCNN for short) models are vulnerable to examples with small perturbations. Adversarial training (AT for short) is a widely used approach to enhance the robustness of DCNN models by data augmentation. In…

Attentional Neural Network is a new framework that integrates top-down cognitive bias and bottom-up feature extraction in one coherent architecture. The top-down influence is especially effective when dealing with high noise or difficult…

Deep Learning has a hierarchical network architecture to represent the complicated feature of input patterns. The adaptive structural learning method of Deep Belief Network (DBN) has been developed. The method can discover an optimal number…

Federated causal inference enables multi-site treatment effect estimation without sharing individual-level data, offering a privacy-preserving solution for real-world evidence generation. However, data heterogeneity across sites, manifested…

Adversarial examples pose a significant challenge to the robustness, reliability and alignment of deep neural networks. We propose a novel, easy-to-use approach to achieving high-quality representations that lead to adversarial robustness…

Deep neural networks are notorious for defying theoretical treatment. However, when the number of parameters in each layer tends to infinity, the network function is a Gaussian process (GP) and quantitatively predictive description is…

The interpretability of deep learning is crucial for evaluating the reliability of medical imaging models and reducing the risks of inaccurate patient recommendations. This study addresses the "human out of the loop" and "trustworthiness"…

The explainable artificial intelligence is used to analyze the stochastic Fredholm integral equations (SFIEs) and stochastic deep neural networks (SDNNs). The neural operator-based stochastic fixed point framework is used to develop SDNNs.…

In modern biomedical and econometric studies, longitudinal processes are often characterized by complex time-varying associations and abrupt regime shifts that are shared across correlated outcomes. Standard functional data analysis (FDA)…

The design of activation functions is a growing research area in the field of neural networks. In particular, instead of using fixed point-wise functions (e.g., the rectified linear unit), several authors have proposed ways of learning…

We present a Gaussian kernel loss function and training algorithm for convolutional neural networks that can be directly applied to both distance metric learning and image classification problems. Our method treats all training features…

Compared to image representation based on low-level local descriptors, deep neural activations of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are richer in mid-level representation, but poorer in geometric invariance properties. In this paper, we…

Deep learning algorithms have been known to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations in various tasks such as image classification. This problem was addressed by employing several defense methods for detection and rejection of particular…

Accurate diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease are crucial to develop new therapies and reduce the associated costs. Recently, with the advances of convolutional neural networks, methods have been proposed to automate these two…

Averaging predictions of a deep ensemble of networks is apopular and effective method to improve predictive performance andcalibration in various benchmarks and Kaggle competitions. However, theruntime and training cost of deep ensembles…

Efforts are underway to study ways via which the power of deep neural networks can be extended to non-standard data types such as structured data (e.g., graphs) or manifold-valued data (e.g., unit vectors or special matrices). Often,…

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) are a powerful modeling tool for domains where data can be naturally interpreted in terms of complex numbers. However, several analytical properties of the complex domain (e.g., holomorphicity) make…