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We study a generalisation of the bipartite Ramsey numbers to blowups of graphs. For a graph $G$, denote the $t$-blowup of $G$ by $G[t]$. We say that $G$ is $r$-Ramsey for $H$, and write $G \stackrel{r}{\rightarrow} H$, if every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-18 Victor Souza

Given a graph $G$ and a positive integer $k$, define the \emph{Gallai-Ramsey number} to be the minimum number of vertices $n$ such that any $k$-edge coloring of $K_n$ contains either a rainbow (all different colored) triangle or a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-01 Yaping Mao , Zhao Wang , Colton Magnant , Ingo Schiermeyer

We study the complexity of solving two-player infinite duration games played on a fixed finite graph, where the control of a node is not predetermined but rather assigned randomly. In classic random-turn games, control of each node is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sarvin Bahmani , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Soumyajit Paul , Sven Schewe , Friedrich Slivovsky , Qiyi Tang , Dominik Wojtczak , Shufang Zhu

A $(p,q)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring of $G$ which assigns at least $q$ colors to each $p$-clique. The problem of determining the minimum number of colors, $f(n,p,q)$, needed to give a $(p,q)$-coloring of the complete graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Alex Cameron , Emily Heath

An edge-colored graph is called \textit{rainbow graph} if all the colors on its edges are distinct. Given a positive integer $n$ and a graph $G$, the \textit{anti-Ramsey number} $ar(n,G)$ is defined to be the minimum number of colors $r$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Hongliang Lu , Xinyue Luo , Xinxin Ma

For graphs $F$ and $H$, the Ramsey number $R(F, H)$ is the smallest positive integer $N$ such that any red/blue edge coloring of $K_N$ contains either a red $F$ or a blue $H$. Let $C_n$ be a cycle of length $n$ and $F_n$ be a fan consisting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-26 Chunlin You , Qizhong Lin

We look at the unbiased Maker-Breaker Hamiltonicity game played on the edge set of a complete graph $K_n$, where Maker's goal is to claim a Hamiltonian cycle. First, we prove that, independent of who starts, Maker can win the game for $n =…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-08 Miloš Stojaković , Nikola Trkulja

The Ramsey number $r(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum $N$ such that every red-blue coloring of the edges of the complete graph on $N$ vertices contains a monochromatic copy of $G$. Determining or estimating these numbers is one of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-02-02 Benny Sudakov

By now, the Maker-Breaker connectivity game on a complete graph $K_n$ or on a random graph $G\sim G_{n,p}$ is well studied. Recently, London and Pluh\'ar suggested a variant in which Maker always needs to choose her edges in such a way that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-22 Dennis Clemens , Laurin Kirsch , Yannick Mogge

We propose a new coloring game on a graph, called the independence coloring game, which is played by two players with opposite goals. The result of the game is a proper coloring of vertices of a graph $G$, and Alice's goal is that as few…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-26 Boštjan Brešar , Daša Štesl

For graphs $G_1, G_2, G_3$, the three-color Ramsey number $R(G_1,$ $G_2, G_3)$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph of order $n$ with 3 colors, then it contains a monochromatic copy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Janusz Dybizbański , Tomasz Dzido , Stanisław Radziszowski

The anti-Ramsey number, $AR(n,G)$, for a graph $G$ and an integer $n\geq|V(G)|$, is defined to be the minimal integer $r$ such that in any edge-colouring of $K_n$ by at least $r$ colours there is a multicoloured copy of $G$, namely, a copy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-15 Shoni Gilboa , Yehuda Roditty

Using computational techniques we derive six new upper bounds on the classical two-color Ramsey numbers: R(3,10) <= 42, R(3,11) <= 50, R(3,13) <= 68, R(3,14) <= 77, R(3,15) <= 87, and R(3,16) <= 98. All of them are improvements by one over…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-21 Jan Goedgebeur , Stanisław P. Radziszowski

We study the multicolor Ramsey numbers for paths and even cycles, $R_k(P_n)$ and $R_k(C_n)$, which are the smallest integers $N$ such that every coloring of the complete graph $K_N$ has a monochromatic copy of $P_n$ or $C_n$ respectively.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-15 Charlotte Knierim , Pascal Su

We consider $m$-colorings of the edges of a complete graph, where each color class is defined semi-algebraically with bounded complexity. The case $m = 2$ was first studied by Alon et al., who applied this framework to obtain surprisingly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-07 Jacob Fox , Janos Pach , Andrew Suk

Hopping forcing is a single player combinatorial game in which the player is presented a graph on $n$ vertices, some of which are initially blue with the remaining vertices being white. In each round $t$, a blue vertex $v$ with all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-14 Pawel Pralat , Harjas Singh

Let $r(G,H)$ be the smallest integer $N$ such that for any $2$-coloring (say, red and blue) of the edges of $K\_n$, $n\geqslant N$, there is either a red copy of $G$ or a blue copy of $H$. Let $K\_n-K\_{1,s}$ be the complete graph on $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-01 Jonathan Chappelon , Luis Pedro Montejano , Jorge Ramírez Alfonsín

In 1955, Greenwood and Gleason showed that the Ramsey number R(3, 3, 3) = 17 by constructing an edge-chromatic graph on 16 vertices in three colors with no triangles. Their technique employed finite fields. This same result was obtained…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-23 Carlos E. Frasser

Let $P_t$ denote the path on $t$ vertices. The $r$-coloured Ramsey number of $P_t$, denoted by $R_r(P_t)$, is the minimum integer $n$ such that whenever the complete graph on $n$ vertices is given an $r$-edge-colouring, there exists a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Henry Liu , Bojan Mohar , Yongtang Shi

The generalized Ramsey number $f(n, p, q)$ is the smallest number of colors needed to color the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ so that every $p$-clique spans at least $q$ colors. Erd\H{o}s and Gy\'arf\'as showed that $f(n, p, q)$ grows…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Patrick Bennett , Ryan Cushman , Andrzej Dudek
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