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Sign Language Translation (SLT) aims to convert sign language videos into spoken or written text. While early systems relied on gloss annotations as an intermediate supervision, such annotations are costly to obtain and often fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

Sign languages, used by around 70 million Deaf individuals globally, are visual languages that convey visual and contextual information. Current methods in vision-based sign language recognition (SLR) and translation (SLT) struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yuqi Liu , Wenqian Zhang , Sihan Ren , Chengyu Huang , Jingyi Yu , Lan Xu

Sign language translation (SLT) aims to convert continuous sign language videos into textual sentences. As a typical multi-modal task, there exists an inherent modality gap between sign language videos and spoken language text, which makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Rui Zhao , Liang Zhang , Biao Fu , Cong Hu , Jinsong Su , Yidong Chen

Despite progress in gloss-free Sign Language Translation (SLT), traditional single modality end-to-end approaches consistently fail on two critical components of natural signing: the precise recognition of high-speed fingerspelling and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Marshall Thomas , Edward Fish , Richard Bowden

Gloss-free Sign Language Translation (SLT) converts sign videos directly into spoken language sentences without relying on glosses. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable translation performance in gloss-free methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Eui Jun Hwang , Sukmin Cho , Junmyeong Lee , Jong C. Park

Sign language translation from video to spoken text presents unique challenges owing to the distinct grammar, expression nuances, and high variation of visual appearance across different speakers and contexts. The intermediate gloss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Pooya Fayyazsanavi , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Jana Košecká

The goal of this work is to develop a universal approach for aligning subtitles (i.e., spoken language text with corresponding timestamps) to continuous sign language videos. Prior approaches typically rely on end-to-end training tied to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Zifan Jiang , Youngjoon Jang , Liliane Momeni , Gül Varol , Sarah Ebling , Andrew Zisserman

We present Large Sign Language Models (LSLM), a novel framework for translating 3D American Sign Language (ASL) by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) as the backbone, which can benefit hearing-impaired individuals' virtual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sen Zhang , Xiaoxiao He , Di Liu , Zhaoyang Xia , Mingyu Zhao , Chaowei Tan , Vivian Li , Bo Liu , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Mubbasir Kapadia

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a core task in the field of AI-assisted disability. Traditional SLT methods are typically based on visible light videos, which are easily affected by factors such as lighting variations, rapid hand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shiao Wang , Xiao Wang , Duoqing Yang , Yao Rong , Fuling Wang , Jianing Li , Lin Zhu , Bo Jiang

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a task that has not been studied relatively much compared to the study of Sign Language Recognition (SLR). However, the SLR is a study that recognizes the unique grammar of sign language, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Youngmin Kim , Minji Kwak , Dain Lee , Yeongeun Kim , Hyeongboo Baek

Capturing and annotating Sign language datasets is a time consuming and costly process. Current datasets are orders of magnitude too small to successfully train unconstrained \acf{slt} models. As a result, research has turned to TV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Harry Walsh , Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Ben Saunders , Richard Bowden

Sign spotting, the task of identifying and localizing individual signs within continuous sign language video, plays a pivotal role in scaling dataset annotations and addressing the severe data scarcity issue in sign language translation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 JianHe Low , Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a challenging task that requires bridging the modality gap between visual and linguistic information while capturing subtle variations in hand shapes and movements. To address these challenges, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sobhan Asasi , Mohamed Ilyas Lakhal , Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

Sign language serves as the primary meaning of communication for the deaf-mute community. Different from spoken language, it commonly conveys information by the collaboration of manual features, i.e., hand gestures and body movements, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Wengang Zhou , Weichao Zhao , Hezhen Hu , Zecheng Li , Houqiang Li

Sign Language Translation (SLT) converts sign language videos into spoken-language text, bridging communication between Deaf and hearing communities. Current gloss-free approaches rely on large encoder-decoder models, limiting deployment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kuanwei Chen , Mengfeng Tsai

Sign language translation as a kind of technology with profound social significance has attracted growing researchers' interest in recent years. However, the existing sign language translation methods need to read all the videos before…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Aoxiong Yin , Zhou Zhao , Jinglin Liu , Weike Jin , Meng Zhang , Xingshan Zeng , Xiaofei He

Sign language understanding has made significant strides; however, there is still no viable solution for generating sign sequences directly from entire spoken content, e.g., text or speech. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Jian Ma , Wenguan Wang , Yi Yang , Feng Zheng

One of the factors that have hindered progress in the areas of sign language recognition, translation, and production is the absence of large annotated datasets. Towards this end, we introduce How2Sign, a multimodal and multiview continuous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Amanda Duarte , Shruti Palaskar , Lucas Ventura , Deepti Ghadiyaram , Kenneth DeHaan , Florian Metze , Jordi Torres , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto

Gloss-free Sign Language Translation (SLT) has advanced rapidly, achieving strong performances without relying on gloss annotations. However, these gains have often come with increased model complexity and high computational demands,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 JianHe Low , Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

Sign language translation (SLT) is often decomposed into video-to-gloss recognition and gloss-to-text translation, where a gloss is a sequence of transcribed spoken-language words in the order in which they are signed. We focus here on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Amit Moryossef , Kayo Yin , Graham Neubig , Yoav Goldberg