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Humans naturally possess the spatial reasoning ability to form and manipulate images and structures of objects in space. There is an increasing effort to endow Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with similar spatial reasoning capabilities.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiahuan Zhang , Shunwen Bai , Tianheng Wang , Kaiwen Guo , Kai Han , Guozheng Rao , Kaicheng Yu

Geometry problem-solving (GPS), a challenging task requiring both visual comprehension and symbolic reasoning, effectively measures the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Humans exhibit strong reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Liangyu Xu , Yingxiu Zhao , Jingyun Wang , Yingyao Wang , Bu Pi , Chen Wang , Mingliang Zhang , Jihao Gu , Xiang Li , Xiaoyong Zhu , Jun Song , Bo Zheng

Image geolocalization, the task of identifying the geographic location depicted in an image, is important for applications in crisis response, digital forensics, and location-based intelligence. While recent advances in large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lingyao Li , Runlong Yu , Qikai Hu , Bowei Li , Min Deng , Yang Zhou , Xiaowei Jia

Natural language is a powerful complementary modality of communication for data visualizations, such as bar and line charts. To facilitate chart-based reasoning using natural language, various downstream tasks have been introduced recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Mohammed Saidul Islam , Raian Rahman , Ahmed Masry , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Mir Tafseer Nayeem , Enamul Hoque

Understanding the fine-grained articulation of human hands is critical in high-stakes settings such as robot-assisted surgery, chip manufacturing, and AR/VR-based human-AI interaction. Despite achieving near-human performance on general…

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown promising capabilities in interpreting visualized graph data, offering a new perspective for graph-structured reasoning beyond traditional Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Qihang Ai , Ruizhou Li , Menghui Wang , Haiyun Jiang

Existing benchmarks for visual question answering lack in visual grounding and complexity, particularly in evaluating spatial reasoning skills. We introduce FlowVQA, a novel benchmark aimed at assessing the capabilities of visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Shubhankar Singh , Purvi Chaurasia , Yerram Varun , Pranshu Pandya , Vatsal Gupta , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

In the field of multimodal chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, existing approaches predominantly rely on reasoning on pure language space, which inherently suffers from language bias and is largely confined to math or science domains. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jiacong Wang , Zijian Kang , Haochen Wang , Haiyong Jiang , Jiawen Li , Bohong Wu , Ya Wang , Jiao Ran , Xiao Liang , Chao Feng , Jun Xiao

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show significant promise for end-to-end autonomous driving by leveraging the common sense embedded in language models, their reliance on 2D image cues for complex scene understanding and decision-making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weijie Wei , Zhipeng Luo , Ling Feng , Venice Erin Liong

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been applied to autonomous driving to support decision-making in complex real-world scenarios. However, their training on static, web-sourced image-text pairs fundamentally limits the precise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Keishi Ishihara , Kento Sasaki , Tsubasa Takahashi , Daiki Shiono , Yu Yamaguchi

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant progress in semantic scene understanding and text-image alignment, with reasoning variants enhancing performance on more complex tasks involving mathematics and logic.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sicheng Feng , Song Wang , Shuyi Ouyang , Lingdong Kong , Zikai Song , Jianke Zhu , Huan Wang , Xinchao Wang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on many vision-language tasks but often struggle with spatial reasoning$\unicode{x2014}$a prerequisite for many applications. Empirically, we find that a dataset produced by a current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Karim Elmaaroufi , Liheng Lai , Justin Svegliato , Yutong Bai , Sanjit A. Seshia , Matei Zaharia

Effectively understanding urban scenes requires fine-grained spatial reasoning about objects, layouts, and depth cues. However, how well current vision-language models (VLMs), pretrained on general scenes, transfer these abilities to urban…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Juneyoung Ro , Namwoo Kim , Yoonjin Yoon

Spatial reasoning and visual grounding are core capabilities for vision-language models (VLMs), yet most medical VLMs produce predictions without transparent reasoning or spatial evidence. Existing benchmarks also evaluate VLMs on isolated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Lama Moukheiber , Caleb M. Yeung , Haotian Xue , Alec Helbling , Zelin Zhao , Yongxin Chen

Spatial relation reasoning is a crucial task for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to understand the objective world. However, current benchmarks have issues like relying on bounding boxes, ignoring perspective substitutions, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jingping Liu , Ziyan Liu , Zhedong Cen , Yan Zhou , Yinan Zou , Weiyan Zhang , Haiyun Jiang , Tong Ruan

Precise spatial understanding from multi-view images remains a fundamental challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), as their visual representations are predominantly semantic and lack explicit geometric grounding. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Chanyoung Gwak , Yoonwoo Jeong , Byungwoo Jeon , Hyunseok Lee , Jinwoo Shin , Minsu Cho

We propose MIRA, a new benchmark designed to evaluate models in scenarios where generating intermediate visual images is essential for successful reasoning. Unlike traditional CoT methods that rely solely on text, tasks in MIRA require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yiyang Zhou , Haoqin Tu , Zijun Wang , Zeyu Wang , Niklas Muennighoff , Fan Nie , Yejin Choi , James Zou , Chaorui Deng , Shen Yan , Haoqi Fan , Cihang Xie , Huaxiu Yao , Qinghao Ye

GRAFT is a structured multimodal benchmark designed to probe how well LLMs handle instruction following, visual reasoning, and tasks requiring tight visual textual alignment. The dataset is built around programmatically generated charts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Abhigya Verma , Sriram Puttagunta , Seganrasan Subramanian , Sravan Ramachandran

Recent advancements in foundation models have improved autonomous tool usage and reasoning, but their capabilities in map-based reasoning remain underexplored. To address this, we introduce MapEval, a benchmark designed to assess foundation…

Visual language is a system of communication that conveys information through symbols, shapes, and spatial arrangements. Diagrams are a typical example of a visual language depicting complex concepts and their relationships in the form of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yifan Hou , Buse Giledereli , Yilei Tu , Mrinmaya Sachan