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Model merging is a widespread technology in large language models (LLMs) that integrates multiple task-specific LLMs into a unified one, enabling the merged model to inherit the specialized capabilities of these LLMs. Most task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenyuan Guo , Yi Shi , Wenlong Meng , Chen Gong , Chengkun Wei , Wenzhi Chen

Artificial intelligence systems introduce complex privacy risks throughout their lifecycle, especially when processing sensitive or high-dimensional data. Beyond the seven traditional privacy threat categories defined by the LINDDUN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Gautam Savaliya , Robert Aufschläger , Abhishek Subedi , Michael Heigl , Martin Schramm

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the promise to revolutionize computing broadly, but their complexity and extensive training data also expose significant privacy vulnerabilities. One of the simplest privacy risks associated with LLMs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Rongting Zhang , Martin Bertran , Aaron Roth

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in sensitive domains, including healthcare, finance, and legal services, raising concerns about potential private information leaks during inference. Privacy extraction attacks, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Jinwen He , Yiyang Lu , Zijin Lin , Kai Chen , Yue Zhao

Language-based ecosystems (LBE), i.e., software ecosystems based on a single programming language, are very common. Examples include the npm ecosystem for JavaScript, and PyPI for Python. These environments encourage code reuse between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Ruturaj K. Vaidya , Lorenzo De Carli , Drew Davidson , Vaibhav Rastogi

The use of machine learning (ML) methods for prediction and forecasting has become widespread across the quantitative sciences. However, there are many known methodological pitfalls, including data leakage, in ML-based science. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Sayash Kapoor , Arvind Narayanan

The discourse on privacy risks in Large Language Models (LLMs) has disproportionately focused on verbatim memorization of training data, while a constellation of more immediate and scalable privacy threats remain underexplored. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Tianshi Li

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various domains, including Web search, healthcare, and software development. However, as these models scale, they become more vulnerable to cybersecurity risks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Qin Liu , Wenjie Mo , Terry Tong , Jiashu Xu , Fei Wang , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen

Current techniques for privacy auditing of large language models (LLMs) have limited efficacy -- they rely on basic approaches to generate canaries which leads to weak membership inference attacks that in turn give loose lower bounds on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ashwinee Panda , Xinyu Tang , Milad Nasr , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Prateek Mittal

The growing use of large language models in sensitive domains has exposed a critical weakness: the inability to ensure that private information can be permanently forgotten. Yet these systems still lack reliable mechanisms to guarantee that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 James Jin Kang , Dang Bui , Thanh Pham , Huo-Chong Ling

Allowing organizations to share their data for training of machine learning (ML) models without unintended information leakage is an open problem in practice. A promising technique for this still-open problem is to train models on the…

Mobile Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing diverse fields such as healthcare, finance, and education with their ability to perform advanced natural language processing tasks on-the-go. However, the deployment of these models in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Honghui Xu , Kaiyang Li , Wei Chen , Danyang Zheng , Zhiyuan Li , Zhipeng Cai

Machine learning models are known to memorize the unique properties of individual data points in a training set. This memorization capability can be exploited by several types of attacks to infer information about the training data, most…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Sara Saeidian , Giulia Cervia , Tobias J. Oechtering , Mikael Skoglund

Large, general purpose language models have demonstrated impressive performance across many different conversational domains. While multi-domain language models achieve low overall perplexity, their outputs are not guaranteed to stay within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Anmol Kabra , Ethan R. Elenberg

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central in academia and industry, raising concerns about privacy, transparency, and misuse. A key issue is the trustworthiness of proprietary models, with open-sourcing often proposed as a solution.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Domen Vake , Bogdan Šinik , Jernej Vičič , Aleksandar Tošić

Privacy Masking is a critical concept under data privacy involving anonymization and de-anonymization of personally identifiable information (PII). Privacy masking techniques rely on Named Entity Recognition (NER) approaches under NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Devansh Singh , Sundaraparipurnan Narayanan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming commodity components of larger software systems. This poses natural security and privacy problems: poisoned data retrieved from one component can change the model's behavior and compromise…

The open-sourcing of large language models (LLMs) accelerates application development, innovation, and scientific progress. This includes both base models, which are pre-trained on extensive datasets without alignment, and aligned models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Xiao Wang , Tianze Chen , Xianjun Yang , Qi Zhang , Xun Zhao , Dahua Lin

Model inversion (MI) attacks pose significant privacy risks by reconstructing private training data from trained neural networks. While prior studies have primarily examined unimodal deep networks, the vulnerability of vision-language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ngoc-Bao Nguyen , Sy-Tuyen Ho , Koh Jun Hao , Ngai-Man Cheung

Code quality is of paramount importance in all types of software development settings. Our work seeks to enable Machine Learning (ML) engineers to write better code by helping them find and fix instances of Data Leakage in their models.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Catherine DeMario , Roger Shagawat , Brandon Kreiser