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Current multimodal large language models (MLLMs) still face significant challenges in complex visual tasks (e.g., spatial understanding, fine-grained perception). Prior methods have tried to incorporate visual reasoning, however, they fail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zhangquan Chen , Ruihui Zhao , Chuwei Luo , Mingze Sun , Xinlei Yu , Yangyang Kang , Ruqi Huang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance on perception-oriented tasks, yet their ability to perform mathematical spatial reasoning, defined as the capacity to parse and manipulate two- and three-dimensional…

This study introduces SpatialPrompting, a novel framework that harnesses the emergent reasoning capabilities of off-the-shelf multimodal large language models to achieve zero-shot spatial reasoning in three-dimensional (3D) environments.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Shun Taguchi , Hideki Deguchi , Takumi Hamazaki , Hiroyuki Sakai

Current state-of-the-art spatial reasoning-enhanced VLMs are trained to excel at spatial visual question answering (VQA). However, we believe that higher-level 3D-aware tasks, such as articulating dynamic scene changes and motion planning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Chenyang Ma , Kai Lu , Ta-Ying Cheng , Niki Trigoni , Andrew Markham

In this work, we aim to incentivize the reasoning ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) via reinforcement learning (RL) and develop an effective approach that mitigates the sparse reward and advantage vanishing issues during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Huanjin Yao , Qixiang Yin , Jingyi Zhang , Min Yang , Yibo Wang , Wenhao Wu , Fei Su , Li Shen , Minghui Qiu , Dacheng Tao , Jiaxing Huang

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), particularly through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), have significantly enhanced their reasoning abilities. However, a critical gap persists: these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Inclusion AI , : , Fudong Wang , Jiajia Liu , Jingdong Chen , Jun Zhou , Kaixiang Ji , Lixiang Ru , Qingpei Guo , Ruobing Zheng , Tianqi Li , Yi Yuan , Yifan Mao , Yuting Xiao , Ziping Ma

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet they lag significantly behind humans in spatial reasoning. We investigate this gap through Transformation-Driven Visual Reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zongzhao Li , Zongyang Ma , Mingze Li , Songyou Li , Yu Rong , Tingyang Xu , Ziqi Zhang , Deli Zhao , Wenbing Huang

Spatial reasoning is a critical capability for intelligent robots, yet current vision-language models (VLMs) still fall short of human-level performance in video-based spatial reasoning. This gap mainly stems from two challenges: a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Zuntao Liu , Yi Du , Taimeng Fu , Shaoshu Su , Cherie Ho , Chen Wang

This thesis introduces "Embodied Spatial Intelligence" to address the challenge of creating robots that can perceive and act in the real world based on natural language instructions. To bridge the gap between Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiading Fang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved strong performance across a range of vision and language tasks. However, their spatial reasoning capabilities are under-investigated. In this paper, we construct a novel VQA dataset, Spatial-MM,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Fatemeh Shiri , Xiao-Yu Guo , Mona Golestan Far , Xin Yu , Gholamreza Haffari , Yuan-Fang Li

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated exceptional semantic understanding, yet these models consistently struggle with spatial reasoning, often failing at fundamental geometric tasks such as depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zishan Liu , Ruoxi Zang , Yanglin Zhang , Wei Liu , Yin Zhang , Jian Yao , Jiayin Zheng , Zhengzhe Liu

The spatial reasoning task aims to reason about the spatial relationships in 2D and 3D space, which is a fundamental capability for Visual Question Answering (VQA) and robotics. Although vision language models (VLMs) have developed rapidly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xun Liang , Xin Guo , Zhongming Jin , Weihang Pan , Penghui Shang , Deng Cai , Binbin Lin , Jieping Ye

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made significant strides in static image understanding but continue to face critical hurdles in spatiotemporal reasoning. A major bottleneck is "multi-image reasoning hallucination", where a massive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoda Yang , Shuai Yang , Can Wang , Jingyang Xue , Menglan Tang , Checheng Yu , Xunzhe Zhou , Sashuai Zhou , Tao Jin , Lixin Yang , Xiangyu Yue , Zhou Zhao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently shown strong performance in visual understanding, yet they often lack temporal awareness, particularly in egocentric settings where reasoning depends on the correct ordering and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhiyang Xu , Tian Qin , Bowen Jin , Zhengfeng Lai , Meng Cao , Lifu Huang , Peng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in language processing, yet they often struggle with tasks requiring genuine visual spatial reasoning. In this paper, we introduce a novel two-stage training framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Alan Dao , Dinh Bach Vu

Sequential planning in large state space and action space quickly becomes intractable due to combinatorial explosion of the search space. Heuristic methods, like monte-carlo tree search, though effective for large state space, but struggle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Swarna Kamal Paul

Most existing spatial reasoning benchmarks focus on static or globally observable environments, failing to capture the challenges of long-horizon reasoning and memory utilization under partial observability and dynamic changes. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Pukun Zhao , Longxiang Wang , Miaowei Wang , Chen Chen , Fanqing Zhou , Haojian Huang

Spatial reasoning is a key capability in the field of artificial intelligence, especially crucial in areas such as robotics, computer vision, and natural language understanding. However, evaluating the ability of multimodal large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Rui Xu , Dakuan Lu , Zicheng Zhao , Xiaoyu Tan , Xintao Wang , Siyu Yuan , Jiangjie Chen , Yinghui Xu

In the context of visual navigation, the capacity to map a novel environment is necessary for an agent to exploit its observation history in the considered place and efficiently reach known goals. This ability can be associated with spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Pierre Marza , Laetitia Matignon , Olivier Simonin , Christian Wolf

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities in reasoning tasks, yet still struggle with complex problems requiring explicit self-reflection and self-correction, especially compared to their unimodal text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhongwei Wan , Zhihao Dou , Che Liu , Yu Zhang , Dongfei Cui , Qinjian Zhao , Hui Shen , Jing Xiong , Yi Xin , Yifan Jiang , Chaofan Tao , Yangfan He , Mi Zhang , Shen Yan