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Related papers: Bounds on inequality with incomplete data

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Human-generated categorical annotations frequently produce empirical response distributions (soft labels) that reflect ambiguity rather than simple annotator error. We introduce an ambiguity measure that maps a discrete response…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Christopher Klugmann , Daniel Kondermann

In this paper, we propose a branch-and-bound algorithm for solving nonconvex quadratic programming problems with box constraints (BoxQP). Our approach combines existing tools, such as semidefinite programming (SDP) bounds strengthened…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Marco Locatelli , Veronica Piccialli , Antonio M. Sudoso

We present a general method for obtaining strong bounds for discrete optimization problems that is based on a concept of branching duality. It can be applied when no useful integer programming model is available, and we illustrate this with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-22 J. G. Benade , J. N. Hooker

In the first part of this study, a convex-constrained penalized formulation was studied for a class of constant modulus (CM) problems. In particular, the error bound techniques were shown to play a vital role in providing exact penalization…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-12 Junbin Liu , Ya Liu , Wing-Kin Ma , Mingjie Shao , Anthony Man-Cho So

We derive an inequality for the linear entropy, that gives sharp bounds for all finite dimensional systems. The derivation is based on generalised Bloch decompositions and provides a strict improvement for the possible distribution of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-18 Simon Morelli , Claude Klöckl , Christopher Eltschka , Jens Siewert , Marcus Huber

To quantify uncertainties in inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs), we formulate them into statistical inference problems using Bayes' formula. Recently, well-justified infinite-dimensional Bayesian analysis methods have…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Junxiong Jia , Yanni Wu , Peijun Li , Deyu Meng

Income inequality estimators are biased in small samples, leading generally to an underestimation. This aspect deserves particular attention when estimating inequality in small domains and performing small area estimation at the area level.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-23 Silvia De Nicolò , Maria Rosaria Ferrante , Silvia Pacei

Upper and lower bounds are obtained for the joint entropy of a collection of random variables in terms of an arbitrary collection of subset joint entropies. These inequalities generalize Shannon's chain rule for entropy as well as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Mokshay Madiman , Prasad Tetali

A ubiquitous feature of data of our era is their extra-large sizes and dimensions. Analyzing such high-dimensional data poses significant challenges, since the feature dimension is often much larger than the sample size. This thesis…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Kai Yang

In many astronomical problems one often needs to determine the upper and/or lower boundary of a given data set. An automatic and objective approach consists in fitting the data using a generalised least-squares method, where the function to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 N. Cardiel

We consider the inverse boundary value problem of determining a coefficient function in an elliptic partial differential equation from knowledge of the associated Neumann-Dirichlet-operator. The unknown coefficient function is assumed to be…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-05-17 Bastian Harrach

This paper expands the notion of robust moment problems to incorporate distributional ambiguity using Wasserstein distance as the ambiguity measure. The classical Chebyshev-Cantelli (zeroth partial moment) inequalities, Scarf and Lo (first…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-14 Derek Singh , Shuzhong Zhang

This paper establishes pointwise estimates up to boundary for the gradient of weak solutions to a class of very singular quasilinear elliptic equations with mixed data: \begin{cases} -\operatorname{div}(A(x,D u))=g-\operatorname{div} f…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-11-24 Tan Duc Do , Le Xuan Truong , Nguyen Ngoc Trong

We use novel integral representations developed by the second author to prove certain rigorous results concerning elliptic boundary value problems in convex polygons. Central to this approach is the so-called global relation, which is a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-01-09 A. C. L. Ashton , A. S. Fokas

Studies on simulation input uncertainty often built on the availability of input data. In this paper, we investigate an inverse problem where, given only the availability of output data, we nonparametrically calibrate the input models and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-09 Aleksandrina Goeva , Henry Lam , Huajie Qian , Bo Zhang

We develop a unified framework for semilinear elliptic equations with gradient-dependent nonlinearities and singular weights in strictly convex domains. Considering large solutions of \[ -\Delta u + b(x)\,h(|\nabla u|) + a(x)\,u = f(x)…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Dragos-Patru Covei

Ratios of integrals can be bounded in terms of ratios of integrands under certain monotonicity conditions. This result, related with L'H\^{o}pital's monotone rule, can be used to obtain sharp bounds for cumulative distribution functions. We…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-06-08 Javier Segura

Many statistical estimands of interest (e.g., in regression or causality) are functions of the joint distribution of multiple random variables. But in some applications, data is not available that measures all random variables on each…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-11 Yicong Jiang , Lucas Janson

This note presents sharp inequalities for deviation probability of a general quadratic form of a random vector \(\xiv\) with finite exponential moments. The obtained deviation bounds are similar to the case of a Gaussian random vector. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-02-08 Vladimir Spokoiny

In semivarying coefficient models for longitudinal/clustered data, usually of primary interest is usually the parametric component which involves unknown constant coefficients. First, we study semiparametric efficiency bound for estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-15 Ming-Yen Cheng , Toshio Honda , Jialiang Li