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Transformers have become the foundational architecture for a broad spectrum of sequence modeling applications, underpinning state-of-the-art systems in natural language processing, vision, and beyond. However, their theoretical limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Michelle Yuan , Weiyi Sun , Amir H. Rezaeian , Jyotika Singh , Sandip Ghoshal , Yao-Ting Wang , Miguel Ballesteros , Yassine Benajiba

Researchers often divide symbolic music corpora into contiguous sequences of n events (called n-grams) for the purposes of pattern discovery, key finding, classification, and prediction. What is more, several studies have reported improved…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-07-19 David R. W. Sears , Gerhard Widmer

This paper studies the prediction of chord progressions for jazz music by relying on machine learning models. The motivation of our study comes from the recent success of neural networks for performing automatic music composition. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Tristan Carsault , Andrew McLeod , Philippe Esling , Jérôme Nika , Eita Nakamura , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Fragment-based shape signature techniques have proven to be powerful tools for computer-aided drug design. They allow scientists to search for target molecules with some similarity to a known active compound. They do not require reference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Thierry Petit , Randy J. Zauhar

We introduce a notion of compatibility between constraint encoding and compositional structure. Phrased in the language of category theory, it is given by a "composable constraint encoding". We show that every composable constraint encoding…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-14 Matt Wilson , Augustin Vanrietvelde

Several prior works have proposed various methods for the task of automatic melody harmonization, in which a model aims to generate a sequence of chords to serve as the harmonic accompaniment of a given multiple-bar melody sequence. In this…

Constrained coding is a fundamental field in coding theory that tackles efficient communication through constrained channels. While channels with fixed constraints have a general optimal solution, there is increasing demand for parametric…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Daniella Bar-Lev , Adir Kobovich , Orian Leitersdorf , Eitan Yaakobi

Convex optimization with equality and inequality constraints is a ubiquitous problem in several optimization and control problems in large-scale systems. Recently there has been a lot of interest in establishing accelerated convergence of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-06 Anjali Parashar , Priyank Srivastava , Anuradha M. Annaswamy

We demonstrate a conditional autoregressive pipeline for efficient music recomposition, based on methods presented in van den Oord et al.(2017). Recomposition (Casal & Casey, 2010) focuses on reworking existing musical pieces, adhering to…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Kyle Kastner , Rithesh Kumar , Tim Cooijmans , Aaron Courville

The Song Generation task aims to synthesize music composed of vocals and accompaniment from given lyrics. While the existing method, Jukebox, has explored this task, its constrained control over the generations often leads to deficiency in…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Shuochen Gao , Shun Lei , Fan Zhuo , Hangyu Liu , Feng Liu , Boshi Tang , Qiaochu Huang , Shiyin Kang , Zhiyong Wu

Sparse and convolutional constraints form a natural prior for many optimization problems that arise from physical processes. Detecting motifs in speech and musical passages, super-resolving images, compressing videos, and reconstructing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-06-11 Hilton Bristow , Simon Lucey

We expose in a tutorial fashion the mechanisms which underlie the synthesis of optimization algorithms based on dynamic integral quadratic constraints. We reveal how these tools from robust control allow to design accelerated gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-18 Carsten W. Scherer , Christian Ebenbauer , Tobias Holicki

Melody reduction, as an abstract representation of musical compositions, serves not only as a tool for music analysis but also as an intermediate representation for structured music generation. Prior computational theories, such as the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ziyu Wang , Yuxuan Wu , Roger B. Dannenberg , Gus Xia

To apply neural sequence models such as the Transformers to music generation tasks, one has to represent a piece of music by a sequence of tokens drawn from a finite set of pre-defined vocabulary. Such a vocabulary usually involves tokens…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Wen-Yi Hsiao , Jen-Yu Liu , Yin-Cheng Yeh , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable success across language, vision, and multimodal tasks, and there is growing demand for them to address in-context compositional learning tasks. In these tasks, models solve the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Wei Chen , Jingxi Yu , Zichen Miao , Qiang Qiu

Optimization under structural constraints is typically analyzed through projection or penalty methods, obscuring the geometric mechanism by which constraints shape admissible dynamics. We propose an operator-theoretic formulation in which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Changkai Li

By the recent advances in computer technology leading to the invention of more powerful processors, the importance of creating models using data training is even greater than ever. Given the significance of this issue, this work tries to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Saman Khoramian

We propose a constraint-based flow-sensitive static analysis for concurrent programs by iteratively composing thread-modular abstract interpreters via the use of a system of lightweight constraints. Our method is compositional in that it…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Markus Kusano , Chao Wang

Learning symbolic music representations, especially disentangled representations with probabilistic interpretations, has been shown to benefit both music understanding and generation. However, most models are only applicable to short-term…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Shiqi Wei , Gus Xia

Machine improvisation creates music either by explicit coding of rules or by applying machine learning methods. We deal with the latter case. An improvisation system capable of real-time must execute two process concurrently: one to apply…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-10-13 Mauricio Toro