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Learning in multi-agent environments is difficult due to the non-stationarity introduced by an opponent's or partner's changing behaviors. Instead of reactively adapting to the other agent's (opponent or partner) behavior, we propose an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Woodrow Z. Wang , Andy Shih , Annie Xie , Dorsa Sadigh

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has attracted much research attention recently. However, unlike its single-agent counterpart, many theoretical and algorithmic aspects of MARL have not been well-understood. In this paper, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Siliang Zeng , Tianyi Chen , Alfredo Garcia , Mingyi Hong

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a growing research area which gained significant traction in recent years, extending Deep RL applications to a much wider range of problems. A particularly challenging class of problems in this…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Charles Dansereau , Junior-Samuel Lopez-Yepez , Karthik Soma , Antoine Fagette

Decentralized combinatorial optimization in evolving multi-agent systems poses significant challenges, requiring agents to balance long-term decision-making, short-term optimized collective outcomes, while preserving autonomy of interactive…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Chuhao Qin , Evangelos Pournaras

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been around for decades and employed to solve various sequential decision-making problems. These algorithms however have faced great challenges when dealing with high-dimensional environments. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides an efficient way for simultaneously learning policies for multiple agents interacting with each other. However, in scenarios requiring complex interactions, existing algorithms can suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Xiaobai Ma , David Isele , Jayesh K. Gupta , Kikuo Fujimura , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Progress in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) requires challenging benchmarks that assess the limits of current methods. However, existing benchmarks often target narrow short-horizon challenges that do not adequately stress the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Bassel Al Omari , Michael Matthews , Alexander Rutherford , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods often suffer from high sample complexity, limiting their use in real-world problems where data is sparse or expensive to collect. Although latent-variable world models have been employed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Aravind Venugopal , Stephanie Milani , Fei Fang , Balaraman Ravindran

Many recent successful off-policy multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms for cooperative partially observable environments focus on finding factorized value functions, leading to convoluted network structures. Building on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Raphaël Avalos , Mathieu Reymond , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

We consider model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) in 2-agent, high-fidelity continuous control problems -- an important domain for robots interacting with other agents in the same workspace. For non-trivial dynamical systems, MBRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Orr Krupnik , Igor Mordatch , Aviv Tamar

We study the problem of learning multi-task, multi-agent policies for cooperative, temporal objectives, under centralized training, decentralized execution. In this setting, using automata to represent tasks enables the decomposition of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Beyazit Yalcinkaya , Marcell Vazquez-Chanlatte , Ameesh Shah , Hanna Krasowski , Sanjit A. Seshia

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning can lead to the development of collaborative agent behaviors that show similarities with organizational concepts. Pushing forward this perspective, we introduce a novel framework that explicitly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Julien Soulé , Jean-Paul Jamont , Michel Occello , Louis-Marie Traonouez , Paul Théron

The role concept provides a useful tool to design and understand complex multi-agent systems, which allows agents with a similar role to share similar behaviors. However, existing role-based methods use prior domain knowledge and predefine…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Tonghan Wang , Heng Dong , Victor Lesser , Chongjie Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently achieved tremendous successes in many artificial intelligence applications. Many of the forefront applications of RL involve multiple agents, e.g., playing chess and Go games, autonomous driving, and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Asuman Ozdaglar , Muhammed O. Sayin , Kaiqing Zhang

Evaluating deep multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms is complicated by stochasticity in training and sensitivity of agent performance to the behavior of other agents. We propose a meta-game evaluation framework for deep MARL,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Zun Li , Michael P. Wellman

We propose a novel approach to address one aspect of the non-stationarity problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL), where the other agents may alter their policies due to environment changes during execution. This violates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Yixiang Wang , Feng Wu

This study investigates how Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) can improve dynamic pricing strategies in supply chains, particularly in contexts where traditional ERP systems rely on static, rule-based approaches that overlook…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Thomas Hazenberg , Yao Ma , Seyed Sahand Mohammadi Ziabari , Marijn van Rijswijk

Bus bunching remains a challenge for urban transit due to stochastic traffic and passenger demand. Traditional solutions rely on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in loop-line settings, which overlook realistic operations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yifan Zhang

To achieve general intelligence, agents must learn how to interact with others in a shared environment: this is the challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL). The simplest form is independent reinforcement learning (InRL), where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Marc Lanctot , Vinicius Zambaldi , Audrunas Gruslys , Angeliki Lazaridou , Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , David Silver , Thore Graepel

We discuss the problem of decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in this work. In our setting, the global state, action, and reward are assumed to be fully observable, while the local policy is protected as privacy by each…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Kuo Li , Qing-Shan Jia
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