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As a promising technique, extremely large-scale (XL)-arrays offer potential solutions for overcoming the severe path loss in millimeter-wave (mmWave) and TeraHertz (THz) channels, crucial for enabling 6G. Nevertheless, XL-arrays introduce…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Songjie Yang , Wanting Lyu , Zhongpei Zhang , Chau Yuen

Extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays) have emerged as a promising technology to achieve super-high spectral efficiency and spatial resolution in future wireless systems. The large aperture of XL-arrays means that spherical rather than…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-29 Changsheng You , Yunpu Zhang , Chenyu Wu , Yong Zeng , Beixiong Zheng , Li Chen , Linglong Dai , A. Lee Swindlehurst

Movable antenna (MA)-enabled near-field (NF) communications offer significant potential for 6G, yet existing designs often neglect the practical constraints of hybrid beamforming (HBF) for extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO). Conversely,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xiangqian Xu , Songjie Yang , Arumugam Nallanathan

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) offers substantial spectral-efficiency gains, but scaling to very large antenna arrays with conventional all-digital and hybrid beamforming architectures quickly results in excessively high…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Carolina Nolasco-Ferencikova , Georg Schwan , Raphael Rolny , Alexander Stutz-Tirri , Christoph Studer

This letter studies a new array architecture, termed as modular extremely large-scale array (XL-array), for which a large number of array elements are arranged in a modular manner. Each module consists of a moderate number of array elements…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Xinrui Li , Haiquan Lu , Yong Zeng , Shi Jin , Rui Zhang

Extremely Large-scale Array (ELAA) promises to deliver ultra-high data rates with increased antenna elements. However, increasing antenna elements leads to a wider realm of near-field, which challenges the traditional design of codebooks.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Feng Zheng , Hongkang Yu , Chenchen Wang , Luyang Sun , Qingqing Wu , Yijian Chen

This paper establishes an upper bound on the capacity of line-of-sight multiantenna channels over all possible antenna arrangements and shows that uniform linear arrays (ULAs) with an SNR-dependent rotation of transmitter or receiver can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Heedong Do , Namyoon Lee , Angel Lozano

Unlike conventional fixed-antenna architectures, rotatable antenna (RA) has shown great potential in enhancing wireless communication performance by exploiting additional spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) in a cost-effective manner. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Qi Dai , Beixiong Zheng , Yanhua Tan , Weidong Mei , Shiqi Gong , Jie Tang , Chengwen Xing

In this letter, we propose a six-dimensional movable antenna (6DMA)-aided cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system to fully exploit its macro spatial diversity, where a set of distributed access points (APs), each…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xiaoming Shi , Xiaodan Shao , Beixiong Zheng , Rui Zhang

Accurate Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation is critical for applications in robotics and communication, but high costs and complexity of coherent multi-channel receivers hinder accessibility. This work proposes a cost-effective DoA…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-13 Lennart Werner , Markus Gardill , Marco Hutter

Polarimetric phased arrays (PPAs) enhance radar target detection and anti-jamming capabilities, but their conventional dual transmit/receive (T/R) channel architecture leads to high cost and system complexity. To address these limitations,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-07 Yiqing Wang , Jian Zhou , Chen Pang , Wenyang Man , Zixiang Xiong , Ke Meng , Zhanling Wang , Yongzhen Li

The millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies have attracted considerable attention for fifth generation (5G) cellular communication as they offer orders of magnitude greater bandwidth than current cellular systems. However, the medium access…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Sourjya Dutta , Marco Mezzavilla , Russell Ford , Menglei Zhang , Sundeep Rangan , Michele Zorzi

Communication at millimeter wave (mmWave) bands is expected to become a key ingredient of next generation (5G) wireless networks. Effective mmWave communications require fast and reliable methods for beamforming at both the User Equipment…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Xiaoshen Song , Saeid Haghighatshoar , Giuseppe Caire

Fluid antennas (FAs) and movable antennas (MAs) have attracted increasing attention in wireless communications recently. As compared to the conventional fixed-position antennas (FPAs), their geometry can be dynamically reconfigured, such…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-26 Dong Wang , Weidong Mei , Boyu Ning , Zhi Chen

This paper describes a radio architecture for distributed spectrum sharing of multiple channels among secondary users (SUs) in a wide band of frequencies and a localized area. A novel Multichannel Immediate Multiple Access (MIMA) physical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Mingming Cai , J. Nicholas Laneman

The potential of using of millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency for future wireless cellular communication systems has motivated the study of large-scale antenna arrays for achieving highly directional beamforming. However, the conventional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Foad Sohrabi , Wei Yu

In this letter, we propose a new wireless sensing system equipped with a rotatable antenna (RA) array to enhance the sensing performance of a uniform sparse array (USA). To tackle the severe spatial undersampling issues, we propose a novel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Chengzhi Ye , Ruoyu Zhang , Jincheng Du , Wenyan Ma , Qingqing Wu , Wen Wu , Rui Zhang

A variety of hybrid analog-digital beamforming architectures have recently been proposed for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to reduce energy consumption and the cost of implementation. In the analog processing network…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Kyungchun Lee

Extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) technologies consisting of ultra-massive multiple-input-multiple-output (UM-MIMO) or reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), are emerging to meet the demand of wireless systems in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yiqin Wang , Shu Sun , Chong Han

Movable antennas (MAs) have emerged as a promising technology to improve wireless communication and sensing performance towards sixth-generation (6G) networks through flexible antenna movement. In this paper, we propose a novel wireless…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Haobin Mao , Lipeng Zhu , Wenyan Ma , Zhenyu Xiao , Xiang-Gen Xia , Rui Zhang