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White Gaussian noise (WGN) is widely used in communication system testing, physical modeling, Monte Carlo simulations, and electronic countermeasures. WGN generation relies heavily on random numbers. In this work, we present an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Guan-Ru Qiao , Bing Bai , Zi-Xuan Weng , Jia-Ying Wu , You-Qi Nie , Jun Zhang

In the era of digitization secure transmission of digital images has become essential in real world applications. Image encryption is an effective technique for protecting image data from unauthorized access. The security of encrypted data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Subhadip Rana , Sanku Paul , Mrinal Kanti Mandal

The Quantum Angle Generator (QAG) is a new full Quantum Machine Learning model designed to generate accurate images on current Noise Intermediate Scale (NISQ) Quantum devices. Variational quantum circuits form the core of the QAG model, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Florian Rehm , Sofia Vallecorsa , Kerstin Borras , Dirk Krücker , Michele Grossi , Valle Varo

Quantum technologies provide many applications for information processing tasks that are impossible to realize within classical physics. These capabilities include such fundamental resources as generating secure, i.e. private and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Amelie Piveteau , Alban Seguinard , Piotr Mironowicz , Mohamed Bourennane

Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CV-QKD) and Quantum Random Number Generation (CV-QRNG) are critical technologies for secure communication and high-speed randomness generation, exploiting shot-noise-limited coherent detection…

We present a practical high-speed quantum random number generator, where the timing of single-photon detection relative to an external time reference is measured as the raw data. The bias of the raw data can be substantially reduced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-06 You-Qi Nie , Hong-Fei Zhang , Zhen Zhang , Jian Wang , Xiongfeng Ma , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

In this paper we propose a new ternary QRNG based on measuring located value indefinite observables with probabilities $1/4, 1/2,1/4$ and prove that every sequence generated is maximally unpredictable, 3-bi-immune (a stronger form of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 José Manuel Agüero Trejo , Cristian S. Calude

Random number generation is an important task in a wide variety of critical applications including cryptographic algorithms, scientific simulations, and industrial testing tools. True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) produce truly random…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-07 F. Nisa Bostancı , Ataberk Olgun , Lois Orosa , A. Giray Yağlıkçı , Jeremie S. Kim , Hasan Hassan , Oğuz Ergin , Onur Mutlu

Optical homodyne detection has been widely used in continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing for measuring field quadrature values. In this paper we explore the possibility of operating a conjugate homodyne detection system in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-22 Bing Qi

A remarkable aspect of quantum theory is that certain measurement outcomes are entirely unpredictable to all possible observers. Such quantum events can be harnessed to generate numbers whose randomness is asserted based upon the underlying…

Harnessing quantum processes is an efficient method to generate truly indeterministic random numbers, which are of fundamental importance for cryptographic protocols, security applications or Monte-Carlo simulations. Recently, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-14 Johannes Thewes , Carolin Lüders , Marc Aßmann

True random number generators (TRNG) sample random physical processes to create large amounts of random numbers for various use cases, including security-critical cryptographic primitives, scientific simulations, machine learning…

Measuring quantum states provides means to generate genuine random numbers. It has been shown that genuine randomness can be obtained even with an uncharacterized quantum source. In this work, we propose a framework that formalizes the idea…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-23 Jiajun Ma , Xiao Yuan , Aishwarya Hakande , Xiongfeng Ma

Random numbers are a fundamental and useful resource in science and engineering with important applications in simulation, machine learning and cyber-security. Quantum systems can produce true random numbers because of the inherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Sebastian F. Tudor , Rupak Chatterjee , Lac Nguyen , Yuping Huang

We demonstrate a die-level balanced homodyne detector with a high quantum-to-classical noise clearance of 19.1dB over 3GHz bandwidth. We evaluate this receiver as a high-quality entropy source for random number generation at >10Gb/s and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Florian Honz , Dinka Milovančev , Nemanja Vokić , Christoph Pacher , Bernhard Schrenk

Random numbers are a fundamental resource in science and technology. Among the different approaches to generating them, random numbers created by exploiting the laws of quantum mechanics have proven to be reliable and can be produced at…

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can provide genuine randomness based on the inherent unpredictable nature of quantum physics. The extracted randomness relies not only on the physical parts of the QRNG, such as the entropy source…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Ziyang Chen , Zhengyu Li , Bingjie Xu , Yi-Chen Zhang , Hong Guo

Detecting and characterizing decoherence-inducing noise sources is critical for developing robust quantum technologies and deploying quantum sensors operating at molecular scales. However, current noise spectroscopies rely on severe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Nanako Shitara , Andrés Montoya-Castillo

We shall review the cellular automaton(CA)-based pseudorandom-number generators (PRNGs), and show that one of these PRNGs can generate high-quality random numbers which can pass all of the statistical tests provided by the National…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 Song-Ju Kim , Ken Umeno

The prototype of a quantum random number generator is a single photon which impinges onto a beam splitter and is then detected by single photon detectors at one of the two output paths. Prior to detection, the photon is in a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-16 Xing Chen , Johannes Greiner , Jörg Wrachtrup , Ilja Gerhardt