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Automated vehicles lack natural communication channels with other road users, making external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) essential for conveying intent and maintaining trust in shared environments. However, most eHMI studies rely on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ding Xia , Xinyue Gui , Mark Colley , Fan Gao , Zhongyi Zhou , Dongyuan Li , Renhe Jiang , Takeo Igarashi

Vision-language models (VLMs) pretrained on large-scale multimodal datasets encode rich visual and linguistic knowledge, making them a strong foundation for robotics. Rather than training robotic policies from scratch, recent approaches…

Does language help make sense of the visual world? How important is it to actually see the world rather than having it described with words? These basic questions about the nature of intelligence have been difficult to answer because we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Allison Chen , Ilia Sucholutsky , Olga Russakovsky , Thomas L. Griffiths

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary comprehension capabilities with remarkable breakthroughs on various vision-language tasks. However, the application of LLMs in generating reliable medical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xueshen Li , Xinlong Hou , Ziyi Huang , Yu Gan

Our aim is to learn to solve long-horizon decision-making problems in complex robotics domains given low-level skills and a handful of short-horizon demonstrations containing sequences of images. To this end, we focus on learning abstract…

A reliable driving assistant should provide consistent responses based on temporally grounded reasoning derived from observed information. In this work, we investigate whether Vision-Language Models (VLMs), when applied as driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Chun-Peng Chang , Chen-Yu Wang , Holger Caesar , Alain Pagani

In a rapidly evolving digital landscape autonomous tools and robots are becoming commonplace. Recognizing the significance of this development, this paper explores the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like Generative pre-trained…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Younes Lakhnati , Max Pascher , Jens Gerken

Large Language Models (LLMs) have substantially improved the conversational capabilities of social robots. Nevertheless, for an intuitive and fluent human-robot interaction, robots should be able to ground the conversation by relating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Elisabeth Menendez , Michael Gienger , Santiago Martínez , Carlos Balaguer , Anna Belardinelli

Interaction with Large Language Models (LLMs) is primarily carried out via prompting. A prompt is a natural language instruction designed to elicit certain behaviour or output from a model. In theory, natural language prompts enable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Michael Desmond , Michelle Brachman

Field studies are irreplaceable but costly, time-consuming, and error-prone, which need careful preparation. Inspired by rapid-prototyping in manufacturing, we propose a fast, low-cost evaluation method using Vision-Language Model (VLM)…

During multi-party interactions, gaze direction is a key indicator of interest and intent, making it essential for social robots to direct their attention appropriately. Understanding the social context is crucial for robots to engage…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Ramtin Tabatabaei , Alireza Taheri

Traditional control and planning for robotic manipulation heavily rely on precise physical models and predefined action sequences. While effective in structured environments, such approaches often fail in real-world scenarios due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jin Wang , Weijie Wang , Boyuan Deng , Heng Zhang , Rui Dai , Nikos Tsagarakis

Pragmatics and non-literal language understanding are essential to human communication, and present a long-standing challenge for artificial language models. We perform a fine-grained comparison of language models and humans on seven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Jennifer Hu , Sammy Floyd , Olessia Jouravlev , Evelina Fedorenko , Edward Gibson

Addressing the challenge of a digital assistant capable of executing a wide array of user tasks, our research focuses on the realm of instruction-based mobile device control. We leverage recent advancements in large language models (LLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Nicolai Dorka , Janusz Marecki , Ammar Anwar

The control of robots for manipulation tasks generally relies on visual input. Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) enable the use of natural language instructions to condition visual input and control robots in a wider range of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Chenglin Cui , Chaoran Zhu , Changjae Oh , Andrea Cavallaro

Evaluating the surroundings to gain understanding, frame perspectives, and anticipate behavioral reactions is an inherent human trait. However, these continuous encounters are diverse and complex, posing challenges to their study and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Deepank Verma , Olaf Mumm , Vanessa Miriam Carlow

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a popular paradigm for learning robot manipulation policies that can follow language instructions and generalize to novel scenarios. Recent works have begun to explore the incorporation of…

Social interactions are fundamental to human life. The recent emergence of large language models (LLMs)-based virtual assistants has demonstrated their potential to revolutionize human interactions and lifestyles. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Bufang Yang , Yunqi Guo , Lilin Xu , Zhenyu Yan , Hongkai Chen , Guoliang Xing , Xiaofan Jiang

Recent advancements have introduced multiple vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrating impressive commonsense reasoning across various domains. Despite their individual capabilities, the potential of synergizing these complementary VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Harsh Lunia

Visually-conditioned language models (VLMs) have seen growing adoption in applications such as visual dialogue, scene understanding, and robotic task planning; adoption that has fueled a wealth of new models such as LLaVa, InstructBLIP, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Siddharth Karamcheti , Suraj Nair , Ashwin Balakrishna , Percy Liang , Thomas Kollar , Dorsa Sadigh