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As the largest public blockchain-based platform supporting smart contracts, Ethereum has accumulated a large number of user transaction records since its debut in 2014. Analysis of Ethereum transaction records, however, is still relatively…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Dan Lin , Jiajing Wu , Qi Yuan , Zibin Zheng

Ethereum Inscriptions (Ethscriptions) repurpose Ethereum calldata into a persistent inscription channel by embedding \texttt{data:}~URI payloads. These transactions typically target externally owned accounts, allowing the payload to bypass…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xihan Xiong , Minfeng Qi , Shiping Chen , Guangsheng Yu , Zhipeng Wang , Qin Wang

Smart contracts are increasingly used in critical use cases (e.g., financial transactions). Thus, it is pertinent to ensure that end-users understand the transfer risks in smart contracts. To address this, we investigate end-user…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Yustynn Panicker , Ezekiel Soremekun , Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Sumei Sun

Accurate perception of object hardness is essential for safe and dexterous contact-rich robotic manipulation. Here, we present TactEx, an explainable multimodal robotic interaction framework that unifies vision, touch, and language for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Felix Verstraete , Lan Wei , Wen Fan , Dandan Zhang

Blockchain technology and, in particular, blockchain-based transaction offers us information that has never been seen before in the financial world. In contrast to fiat currencies, transactions through virtual currencies like Bitcoin are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Jinhuan Wang , Pengtao Chen , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

The beacon chain is the backbone of the Ethereum's evolution towards a proof-of-stake-based scalable network. Beacon clients are the applications implementing the services required to operate the beacon chain, namely validators, beacon…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Jean-Philippe Aumasson , Denis Kolegov , Evangelia Stathopoulou

Decentralized communication is becoming an important use case within Web3. On Ethereum, users can repurpose the transaction input data field to embed natural-language messages, commonly known as Input Data Messages (IDMs). However, as IDMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xihan Xiong , Zhipeng Wang , Qin Wang , William Knottenbelt

Ethereum's Gas mechanism attempts to set transaction fees in accordance with the computational cost of transaction execution: a cost borne by default by every node on the network to ensure correct smart contract execution. Gas encourages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Renlord Yang , Toby Murray , Paul Rimba , Udaya Parampalli

As the Ethereum platform continues to mature and gain widespread usage, it is crucial to maintain high standards of smart contract writing practices. While bad practices in smart contracts may not directly lead to security issues, they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiaoqi Li , Zongwei Li , Wenkai Li , Yuqing Zhang , Xin Wang

The widespread lack of broad source code verification on blockchain explorers such as Etherscan, where despite 78,047,845 smart contracts deployed on Ethereum (as of May 26, 2025), a mere 767,520 (< 1%) are open source, presents a severe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Isaac David , Liyi Zhou , Dawn Song , Arthur Gervais , Kaihua Qin

Phishing detection on Ethereum has increasingly leveraged advanced machine learning techniques to identify fraudulent transactions. However, limited attention has been given to understanding the effectiveness of feature selection strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ahod Alghuried , Abdulaziz Alghamdi , Ali Alkinoon , Soohyeon Choi , Manar Mohaisen , David Mohaisen

Can you imagine, blockchain transactions can talk! In this paper, we study how they talk and what they talk about. We focus on the input data field of Ethereum transactions, which is designed to allow external callers to interact with smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xihan Xiong , Zhipeng Wang , Qin Wang , Endong Liu , Pascal Berrang , William Knottenbelt

Smart contracts are programs running on blockchain to execute transactions. When input constraints or security properties are violated at runtime, the transaction being executed by a smart contract needs to be reverted to avoid undesirable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Lu Liu , Lili Wei , Wuqi Zhang , Ming Wen , Yepang Liu , Shing-Chi Cheung

Blockchain's economic value lies in enabling financial and economic transactions without relying on trusted, centralized intermediaries. In practice, however, transactions pass through a fragmented chain of intermediaries before being…

General Economics · Economics 2026-05-05 Andrea Canidio , Vabuk Pahari

Smart contracts are programs running on cryptocurrency (e.g., Ethereum) blockchains, whose popularity stem from the possibility to perform financial transactions, such as payments and auctions, in a distributed environment without need for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Ilya Grishchenko , Matteo Maffei , Clara Schneidewind

The web3 applications have recently been growing, especially on the Ethereum platform, starting to become the target of scammers. The web3 scams, imitating the services provided by legitimate platforms, mimic regular activity to deceive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Wenkai Li , Zhijie Liu , Xiaoqi Li , Sen Nie

Security and trust are the most important factors in online transaction, this paper introduces TSET a Token based Secure Electronic Transaction which is an improvement over the existing SET, Secure Electronic Transaction protocol. We take…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-10 Rajdeep Borgohain , Moirangthem Tiken Singh , Chandrakant Sakharwade , Sugata Sanyal

Blockchain offers a decentralized, immutable, transparent system of records. It offers a peer-to-peer network of nodes with no centralised governing entity making it unhackable and therefore, more secure than the traditional paper-based or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Harsh Jot Singh , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid

As the number of blockchain platforms continues to grow, the independence of these networks poses challenges for transferring assets and information across chains. Cross-chain bridge technology has emerged to address this issue,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Ziye Zheng , Jiajing Wu , Dan Lin , Quanzhong Li , Na Ruan

The cryptocurrency is attracting more and more attention because of the blockchain technology. Ethereum is gaining a significant popularity in blockchain community, mainly due to the fact that it is designed in a way that enables developers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-28 TonTon Hsien-De Huang , Po-Wei Hong , Ying-Tse Lee , Yi-Lun Wang , Chi-Leong Lok , Hung-Yu Kao