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Phishing emails pose a persistent and increasingly sophisticated threat, undermining email security through deceptive tactics designed to exploit both semantic and structural vulnerabilities. Traditional detection methods, often based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ibrahim Altan , Abdulla Bachir , Yousuf Parbhulkar , Abdul Muksith Rizvi , Moshiur Farazi

The deep Q-network (DQN) and return-based reinforcement learning are two promising algorithms proposed in recent years. DQN brings advances to complex sequential decision problems, while return-based algorithms have advantages in making use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Wenjia Meng , Qian Zheng , Long Yang , Pengfei Li , Gang Pan

Neural network quantization is becoming an industry standard to efficiently deploy deep learning models on hardware platforms, such as CPU, GPU, TPU, and FPGAs. However, we observe that the conventional quantization approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Ji Lin , Chuang Gan , Song Han

Phishing email is a serious cyber threat that tries to deceive users by sending false emails with the intention of stealing confidential information or causing financial harm. Attackers, often posing as trustworthy entities, exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Mohammad Amaz Uddin , Md Mahiuddin , Iqbal H. Sarker

Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly deployed in cybersecurity applications such as phishing detection and network intrusion prevention. However, these models remain vulnerable to adversarial perturbations small, deliberate input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey

Phishing has grown significantly in the past few years and is predicted to further increase in the future. The dynamics of phishing introduce challenges in implementing a robust phishing detection system and selecting features which can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Rizka Purwanto , Arindam Pal , Alan Blair , Sanjay Jha

Phishing attacks are the most common type of cyber-attacks used to obtain sensitive information and have been affecting individuals as well as organisations across the globe. Various techniques have been proposed to identify the phishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Sohail Ahmed Khan , Wasiq Khan , Abir Hussain

In actuality, phishing attacks remain one of the most prevalent cybersecurity risks in existence today, with malevolent actors constantly changing their strategies to successfully trick users. This paper presents an AI model for a phishing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Rudra Dubey , Arpit Mani Tripathi , Archit Srivastava , Sarvpal Singh

Ransomware detection systems increasingly rely on behavior-based machine learning to address evolving attack strategies. However, emerging privacy compliance, data governance, and responsible AI deployment demand not only accurate detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jannatul Ferdous , Rafiqul Islam , Md Zahidul Islam

To combat phishing attacks -- aimed at luring web users to divulge their sensitive information -- various phishing detection approaches have been proposed. As attackers focus on devising new tactics to bypass existing detection solutions,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Aditya Kulkarni , Shahil Manishbhai Patel , Shivam Pradip Tirmare , Vivek Balachandran , Tamal Das

Many cyberattacks start with disseminating phishing URLs. When clicking these phishing URLs, the victim's private information is leaked to the attacker. There have been proposed several machine learning methods to detect phishing URLs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Taeri Kim , Noseong Park , Jiwon Hong , Sang-Wook Kim

Malicious URLs remain a primary vector for phishing, malware, and cyberthreats. This study proposes a hybrid deep learning framework combining \texttt{HashingVectorizer} n-gram analysis, SMOTE balancing, Isolation Forest anomaly filtering,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Berkani Khaled , Zeraoulia Rafik

Routing in multi-hop wireless networks is a complex problem, especially in heterogeneous networks where multiple wireless communication technologies coexist. Reinforcement learning (RL) methods, such as Q-learning, have been introduced for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-21 Brian Kim , Justin H. Kong , Terrence J. Moore , Fikadu T. Dagefu

Web-based phishing attacks nowadays exploit popular cloud web hosting services and apps such as Google Sites and Typeform for hosting their attacks. Since these attacks originate from reputable domains and IP addresses of the cloud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Birendra Jha , Medha Atre , Ashwini Rao

The widespread accessibility of the Internet has led to a surge in online fraudulent activities, underscoring the necessity of shielding users' sensitive information from cybercriminals. Phishing, a well-known cyberattack, revolves around…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Aditya Kulkarni , Vivek Balachandran , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Tamal Das

Web phishing remains a serious cyber threat responsible for most data breaches. Machine Learning (ML)-based anti-phishing detectors are seen as an effective countermeasure, and are increasingly adopted by web-browsers and software products.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Alsharif Abuadbba , Shuo Wang , Mahathir Almashor , Muhammed Ejaz Ahmed , Raj Gaire , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

Phishing remains a critical cybersecurity threat, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) capable of generating highly convincing malicious content. Unlike earlier phishing attempts which are identifiable by grammatical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Deeksha Hareesha Kulal , Chidozie Princewill Arannonu , Afsah Anwar , Nidhi Rastogi , Quamar Niyaz

The increase in the number of phishing demands innovative solutions to safeguard users from phishing attacks. This study explores the development and utilization of a real-time browser extension integrated with machine learning model to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Akshaya Arun , Nasr Abosata

Deep Q-learning Network (DQN) is a successful way which combines reinforcement learning with deep neural networks and leads to a widespread application of reinforcement learning. One challenging problem when applying DQN or other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Zhe Zhang , Yukun Zou , Junjie Lai , Qing Xu

Financial market prediction and optimal trading strategy development remain challenging due to market complexity and volatility. Our research in quantum finance and reinforcement learning for decision-making demonstrates the approach of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Siddhant Dutta , Nouhaila Innan , Alberto Marchisio , Sadok Ben Yahia , Muhammad Shafique