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The increasing complexity of AI systems has led to the growth of the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), which aims to provide explanations and justifications for the outputs of AI algorithms. While there is considerable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Maryam Hashemi , Ali Darejeh , Francisco Cruz

We present a web-based environment that connects annotation, abstraction, and argumentation during the interpretation of text. As a visual interface for scholarly reading and writing, Textarium combines human analysis with lightweight…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Philipp Proff , Marian Dörk

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to support appropriate human-AI reliance by increasing the interpretability of complex model decisions. Despite the proliferation of proposed methods, there is mixed evidence surrounding the effects of different…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Emma Casolin , Flora D. Salim , Ben Newell

Interpretability methods are developed to understand the working mechanisms of black-box models, which is crucial to their responsible deployment. Fulfilling this goal requires both that the explanations generated by these methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yilun Zhou , Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Julie Shah

While Explainable AI (XAI) helps users understand AI decisions, misalignment in domain knowledge can lead to disagreement. This inconsistency hinders understanding, and because explanations are often read-only, users lack the control to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Haoyang Chen , Jingwen Bai , Fang Tian , Brian Y Lim

Text classification is one of the fundamental tasks in natural language processing. Recently, deep neural networks have achieved promising performance in the text classification task compared to shallow models. Despite of the significance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Cunxiao Du , Zhaozheng Chin , Fuli Feng , Lei Zhu , Tian Gan , Liqiang Nie

In a recent paper, Erasmus et al. (2021) defend the idea that the ambiguity of the term "explanation" in explainable AI (XAI) can be solved by adopting any of four different extant accounts of explanation in the philosophy of science: the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Andrés Páez

EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to help users to grasp the reasoning behind the predictions of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system. Many XAI approaches have emerged in recent years. Consequently, a subfield related to the…

Human understandable explanation of deep learning models is essential for various critical and sensitive applications. Unlike image or tabular data where the importance of each input feature (for the classifier's decision) can be directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Shahbaz Rezaei , Xin Liu

As the field of explainable AI (XAI) is maturing, calls for interactive explanations for (the outputs of) AI models are growing, but the state-of-the-art predominantly focuses on static explanations. In this paper, we focus instead on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Antonio Rago , Hengzhi Li , Francesca Toni

Explainable AI (XAI) is the study on how humans can be able to understand the cause of a model's prediction. In this work, the problem of interest is Scene Text Recognition (STR) Explainability, using XAI to understand the cause of an STR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mark Vincent Ty , Rowel Atienza

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods are intended to help human users better understand the decision making of an AI agent. However, many modern XAI approaches are unintuitive to end users, particularly those without prior AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Faraz Khadivpour , Arghasree Banerjee , Matthew Guzdial

Decision explanations of machine learning black-box models are often generated by applying Explainable AI (XAI) techniques. However, many proposed XAI methods produce unverified outputs. Evaluation and verification are usually achieved with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Udo Schlegel , Daniela Oelke , Daniel A. Keim , Mennatallah El-Assady

We propose a framework for interactive and explainable machine learning that enables users to (1) understand machine learning models; (2) diagnose model limitations using different explainable AI methods; as well as (3) refine and optimize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Thilo Spinner , Udo Schlegel , Hanna Schäfer , Mennatallah El-Assady

The field of Explainable AI (XAI) offers a wide range of techniques for making complex models interpretable. Yet, in practice, generating meaningful explanations is a context-dependent task that requires intentional design choices to ensure…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Ruchira Dhar , Stephanie Brandl , Ninell Oldenburg , Anders Søgaard

Attribution methods compute importance scores for input features to explain model predictions. However, assessing the faithfulness of these methods remains challenging due to the absence of attribution ground truth to model predictions. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Peiyu Yang , Naveed Akhtar , Jiantong Jiang , Ajmal Mian

Deep learning models achieve remarkable predictive performance, yet their black-box nature limits transparency and trustworthiness. Although numerous explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have been proposed, they primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Jiarui Li , Zixiang Yin , Samuel J Landry , Zhengming Ding , Ramgopal R. Mettu

Explainable AI (XAI) has been investigated for decades and, together with AI itself, has witnessed unprecedented growth in recent years. Among various approaches to XAI, argumentative models have been advocated in both the AI and social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Kristijonas Čyras , Antonio Rago , Emanuele Albini , Pietro Baroni , Francesca Toni

Explanations of an AI's function can assist human decision-makers, but the most useful explanation depends on the decision's context, referred to as the downstream task. User studies are necessary to determine the best explanations for each…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Eura Nofshin , Esther Brown , Brian Lim , Weiwei Pan , Finale Doshi-Velez

Explainable AI (XAI) refers to techniques that provide human-understandable insights into the workings of AI models. Recently, the focus of XAI is being extended toward explaining Large Language Models (LLMs). This extension calls for a…