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As a fundamental task in machine learning, text classification plays a crucial role in many areas. With the rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly through reinforcement learning (RL), there is a growing need for more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Mingqian He , Fei Zhao , Chonggang Lu , Ziyan Liu , Yue Wang , Haofu Qian

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in non-generative software maintenance tasks, such as fault localization (FL). Success in FL depends on a models ability to reason about program semantics beyond surface-level…

Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly Code LLMs, have demonstrated impressive performance in code generation. Current research primarily focuses on the correctness of generated code, while efficiency remains less explored. Recent works…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Tong Ye , Weigang Huang , Xuhong Zhang , Tengfei Ma , Peiyu Liu , Jianwei Yin , Wenhai Wang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable reasoning capabilities across diverse downstream tasks. However, their autoregressive nature leads to substantial inference latency, posing challenges for real-time applications. Speculative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Tao He , Guang Huang , Yu Yang , Tianshi Xu , Sicheng Zhao , Guiguang Ding , Pengyang Wang , Feng Tian

We propose a method to guide Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating structured content adhering to specific conventions without fine-tuning. By utilizing coroutine-based content generation constraints through a pre-agreed context-free…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Jiaye Wang

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current methods and metrics used to evaluate the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation tasks. With the rapid growth in demand for automated software development,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Liguo Chen , Qi Guo , Hongrui Jia , Zhengran Zeng , Xin Wang , Yijiang Xu , Jian Wu , Yidong Wang , Qing Gao , Jindong Wang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

The recent advancements of Small Language Models (SLMs) have opened new possibilities for efficient code generation. SLMs offer lightweight and cost-effective alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), making them attractive for use in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Mahade Hasan , Muhammad Waseem , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Juha Ala-Rantala , Pekka Abrahamsson

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive promise in code generation, yet their progress remains limited by the shortage of large-scale datasets that are both diverse and well-aligned with human reasoning. Most existing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amal Abed , Ivan Lukic , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter

Large Language Models (LLMs) present massive inherent knowledge and superior semantic comprehension capability, which have revolutionized various tasks in natural language processing. Despite their success, a critical gap remains in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Ben Liu , Jihai Zhang , Fangquan Lin , Cheng Yang , Min Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in generating code, especially when used inside an evolutionary computation framework to iteratively optimize the generated algorithms. However, in some cases they fail to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova , Lars Kotthoff , Thomas Bäck

The understanding of large-scale scientific software poses significant challenges due to its diverse codebase, extensive code length, and target computing architectures. The emergence of generative AI, specifically large language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Kareem Shaik , Dali Wang , Weijian Zheng , Qinglei Cao , Heng Fan , Peter Schwartz , Yunhe Feng

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) is critically dependent on the availability of high-quality datasets for Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), alignment tasks like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), etc. In this work, we present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Bidyapati Pradhan , Surajit Dasgupta , Amit Kumar Saha , Omkar Anustoop , Sriram Puttagunta , Vipul Mittal , Gopal Sarda

IEC 61131-3 Structured Text (ST) is a widely used programming language for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in automation systems. However, generating ST code with LLMs poses unique challenges due to limited data in public training…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Aaron Haag , Bertram Fuchs , Altay Kacan , Oliver Lohse

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating software code for high-level programming languages such as Python and C++. However, their application to hardware description languages, such as Verilog,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Tan , Xiangchen Meng , Zijun Jiang , Yangdi Lyu

In industrial control systems, the generation and verification of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) code are critical for ensuring operational efficiency and safety. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have made strides in automated code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zihan Liu , Ruinan Zeng , Dongxia Wang , Gengyun Peng , Jingyi Wang , Qiang Liu , Peiyu Liu , Wenhai Wang

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a groundbreaking technology and their unparalleled text generation capabilities have sparked interest in their application to the fundamental sentence representation learning task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Huiming Wang , Zhaodonghui Li , Liying Cheng , Soh De Wen , Lidong Bing

Even after fine-tuning and reinforcement learning, large language models (LLMs) can be difficult, if not impossible, to control reliably with prompts alone. We propose a new inference-time approach to enforcing syntactic and semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Alexander K. Lew , Tan Zhi-Xuan , Gabriel Grand , Vikash K. Mansinghka

Recent research has explored the constrained generation capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) when explicitly prompted by few task-specific requirements. In contrast, we introduce Large-Scale Constraint Generation (LSCG), a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Matteo Boffa , Jiaxuan You

The applications of LLM Agents are becoming increasingly complex and diverse, leading to a high demand for structured outputs that can be parsed into code, structured function calls, and embodied agent commands. These developments bring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yixin Dong , Charlie F. Ruan , Yaxing Cai , Ruihang Lai , Ziyi Xu , Yilong Zhao , Tianqi Chen

Multi-modal large language models have demonstrated impressive performances on most vision-language tasks. However, the model generally lacks the understanding capabilities for specific domain data, particularly when it comes to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yucheng Han , Chi Zhang , Xin Chen , Xu Yang , Zhibin Wang , Gang Yu , Bin Fu , Hanwang Zhang