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Machine learning and Large language models (LLMs) for vulnerability detection has received significant attention in recent years. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art techniques show that LLMs are unsuccessful in even distinguishing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mohammed Sayagh , Mohammad Ghafari

State-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) are now claiming remarkable supported context lengths of 256k or even more. In contrast, the average context lengths of mainstream benchmarks are insufficient (5k-21k), and they suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Tao Yuan , Xuefei Ning , Dong Zhou , Zhijie Yang , Shiyao Li , Minghui Zhuang , Zheyue Tan , Zhuyu Yao , Dahua Lin , Boxun Li , Guohao Dai , Shengen Yan , Yu Wang

Rapid integration of large language models (LLMs) in health care is sparking global discussion about their potential to revolutionize health care quality and accessibility. At a time when improving health care quality and access remains a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Troy Zada , Natalie Tam , Francois Barnard , Marlize Van Sittert , Venkat Bhat , Sirisha Rambhatla

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have achieved impressive milestones in natural language processing (NLP). Despite their impressive performance, the models are known to pose important risks. As these models are deployed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Ke Shen , Mayank Kejriwal

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to utilize external tools has enabled them to tackle an increasingly diverse range of tasks. However, as the tasks become more complex and long-horizon, the intricate tool utilization process may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Shiting Huang , Zhen Fang , Zehui Chen , Siyu Yuan , Junjie Ye , Yu Zeng , Lin Chen , Qi Mao , Feng Zhao

Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically focus on universal risks like dangerous capabilities or undesirable propensities. However, millions use LLMs for personal advice on high-stakes topics like finance and health,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Manon Kempermann , Sai Suresh Macharla Vasu , Mahalakshmi Raveenthiran , Theo Farrell , Ingmar Weber

In this study, we investigate the use of large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT, for structured deductive qualitative coding. While most current research emphasizes inductive coding applications, we address the underexplored…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Angjelin Hila , Elliott Hauser

Large language models have shown good potential in supporting software development tasks. This is why more and more developers turn to LLMs (e.g. ChatGPT) to support them in fixing their buggy code. While this can save time and effort, many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yacine Majdoub , Eya Ben Charrada

The development of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has brought a lot of attention recently. However, their evaluation in the benchmark academic datasets remains under-explored due to the difficulty of evaluating the generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , M Saiful Bari , Mizanur Rahman , Md Amran Hossen Bhuiyan , Shafiq Joty , Jimmy Xiangji Huang

Existing frameworks for assessing robustness of large language models (LLMs) overly depend on specific benchmarks, increasing costs and failing to evaluate performance of LLMs in professional domains due to dataset limitations. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Aihua Pei , Zehua Yang , Shunan Zhu , Ruoxi Cheng , Ju Jia , Lina Wang

This study examines the impact of tokenized Java code length on the accuracy and explicitness of ten major LLMs in vulnerability detection. Using chi-square tests and known ground truth, we found inconsistencies across models: some, like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jie Lin , David Mohaisen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising tools in software development, enabling automated code generation and analysis. However, their knowledge is limited to a fixed cutoff date, making them prone to generating code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Minjae Seo , Wonwoo Choi , Myoungsung You , Seungwon Shin

Background: Bug reports are essential to the software development life cycle. They help developers track and resolve issues, but are often difficult to process due to their complexity, which can delay resolution and affect software quality.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Zhiyuan Chen , Vanessa Nava-Camal , Ahmad Suleiman , Yiming Tang , Daqing Hou , Weiyi Shang

Context: Study screening in systematic literature reviews is costly, inconsistency-prone, and risk-asymmetric, since false negatives can compromise validity. Despite rapid uptake of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is limited evidence on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Gilberto Sussumu Hida , Danilo Monteiro Ribeiro , Erika Yahata

The emergence of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) is a significant advancement in integrating computer vision with Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance multi-modal machine learning capabilities. However, this progress has also made VLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zaitang Li , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being studied for Software Vulnerability Detection (SVD) and Repair (SVR). Individual LLMs have demonstrated code understanding abilities, but they frequently struggle when identifying complex…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Arastoo Zibaeirad , Marco Vieira

The significant increase in software production, driven by the acceleration of development cycles over the past two decades, has led to a steady rise in software vulnerabilities, as shown by statistics published yearly by the CVE program.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Dyna Soumhane Ouchebara , Stéphane Dupont

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multi-turn dialogue and other sustained interactive scenarios, it is essential to understand how extended context affects their performance. Popular benchmarks, focusing primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Robert Hankache , Kingsley Nketia Acheampong , Liang Song , Marek Brynda , Raad Khraishi , Greig A. Cowan

Large Language Models(LLMs) have been actively integrated into modern software systems as critical components. LLM-in-the-loop vulnerabilities, where vulnerabilities are introduced by LLMs and their dependent downstream components, such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yujie Ma , Jialin Rong , Chenxi Yang , Lili Quan , Xiaofei Xie , Yongqiang Lyu , Qiang Hu

Analyzing Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) from large volumes of data is critical for drafting and publishing comprehensive CTI reports. This process usually follows a three-stage workflow -- triage, deep search and TI drafting. While Large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiangsen Chen , Xuan Feng , Shuo Chen , Matthieu Maitre , Sudipto Rakshit , Diana Duvieilh , Ashley Picone , Nan Tang