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Common Vulnerability and Exposure (CVE) records are fundamental to cybersecurity, offering unique identifiers for publicly known software and system vulnerabilities. Each CVE is typically assigned a Common Vulnerability Scoring System…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Francesco Marchiori , Denis Donadel , Mauro Conti

This research investigates the effectiveness of established vulnerability metrics, such as the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), in evaluating attacks against Large Language Models (LLMs), with a focus on Adversarial Attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Atmane Ayoub Mansour Bahar , Ahmad Samer Wazan

Security analysts face increasing pressure to triage large and complex vulnerability backlogs. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a potential aid by automating parts of the interpretation process. We evaluate four models (ChatGPT, Claude,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Osama Al Haddad , Muhammad Ikram , Ejaz Ahmed , Young Lee

This paper proposes a pipeline for quantitatively evaluating interactive LLMs such as ChatGPT using publicly available dataset. We carry out an extensive technical evaluation of ChatGPT using Big-Vul covering five different common software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Xin Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into safety-critical workflows, yet existing security analyses remain fragmented and often isolate model behavior from the broader system context. This work introduces a goal-driven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Neha Nagaraja , Hayretdin Bahsi

The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) publishes over a thousand new vulnerabilities monthly, with a projected 25 percent increase in 2024, highlighting the crucial need for rapid vulnerability identification to mitigate cybersecurity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Rikhiya Ghosh , Hans-Martin von Stockhausen , Martin Schmitt , George Marica Vasile , Sanjeev Kumar Karn , Oladimeji Farri

Most vulnerability detection studies focus on datasets of vulnerabilities in C/C++ code, offering limited language diversity. Thus, the effectiveness of deep learning methods, including large language models (LLMs), in detecting software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Kohei Dozono , Tiago Espinha Gasiba , Andrea Stocco

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in automated software security, particularly in vulnerability detection. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on isolated, single-vulnerability samples or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Chinmay Pushkar , Sanchit Kabra , Dhruv Kumar , Jagat Sesh Challa

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT (i.e., gpt-3.5-turbo and gpt-4) exhibited remarkable advancement in a range of software engineering tasks associated with source code such as code review and code generation. In this paper, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Michael Fu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Van Nguyen , Trung Le

The increasing frequency and sophistication of cybersecurity vulnerabilities in software systems underscores the need for more robust and effective vulnerability assessment methods. However, existing approaches often rely on highly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Shivansh Chopra , Hussain Ahmad , Diksha Goel , Claudia Szabo

Context: Traditional software security analysis methods struggle to keep pace with the scale and complexity of modern codebases, requiring intelligent automation to detect, assess, and remediate vulnerabilities more efficiently and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shaznin Sultana , Sadia Afreen , Nasir U. Eisty

As software becomes increasingly complex and prone to vulnerabilities, automated vulnerability detection is critically important, yet challenging. Given the significant successes of large language models (LLMs) in various tasks, there is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Zeyu Gao , Hao Wang , Yuchen Zhou , Wenyu Zhu , Chao Zhang

This paper proposes a pipeline for quantitatively evaluating interactive Large Language Models (LLMs) using publicly available datasets. We carry out an extensive technical evaluation of LLMs using Big-Vul covering four different common…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xin Yin , Chao Ni , Shaohua Wang

Accurately assessing software vulnerabilities is essential for effective prioritization and remediation. While various scoring systems exist to support this task, their differing goals, methodologies and outputs often lead to inconsistent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Viktoria Koscinski , Mark Nelson , Ahmet Okutan , Robert Falso , Mehdi Mirakhorli

Recently, Automated Vulnerability Localization (AVL) has attracted growing attention, aiming to facilitate diagnosis by pinpointing the specific lines of code responsible for vulnerabilities. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Jian Zhang , Chong Wang , Anran Li , Weisong Sun , Cen Zhang , Wei Ma , Yang Liu

While automated vulnerability detection techniques have made promising progress in detecting security vulnerabilities, their scalability and applicability remain challenging. The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Avishree Khare , Saikat Dutta , Ziyang Li , Alaia Solko-Breslin , Rajeev Alur , Mayur Naik

Large Language Models (LLMs) show significant promise in automating software vulnerability analysis, a critical task given the impact of security failure of modern software systems. However, current approaches in using LLMs to automate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Sangryu Park , Gihyuk Ko , Homook Cho

The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a popular method for evaluating the severity of vulnerabilities in vulnerability management. In the evaluation process, a numeric score between 0 and 10 is calculated, 10 being the most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Julia Wunder , Andreas Kurtz , Christian Eichenmüller , Freya Gassmann , Zinaida Benenson

Large Language Models (LLMs) are intensively used to assist security analysts in counteracting the rapid exploitation of cyber threats, wherein LLMs offer cyber threat intelligence (CTI) to support vulnerability assessment and incident…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Luoxi Tang , Yuqiao Meng , Ankita Patra , Weicheng Ma , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

Vulnerability databases, such as the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), offer detailed descriptions of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), but often lack information on their real-world impact, such as the tactics, techniques,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Anders Mølmen Høst , Pierre Lison , Leon Moonen
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