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Empowering large language models (LLMs) with effective tool utilization capabilities is crucial for enabling AI agents to solve complex problems. However, current models face two major limitations: (1) unreliable tool planning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zhiyuan Ma , Jiayu Liu , Xianzhen Luo , Zhenya Huang , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Identifying and resolving software faults remains a challenging and resource-intensive process. Traditional fault localization techniques, such as Spectrum-Based Fault Localization (SBFL), leverage statistical analysis of test coverage but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Md Nakhla Rafi , Dong Jae Kim , Tse-Hsun Chen , Shaowei Wang

This paper presents a benchmark self-evolving framework to dynamically evaluate rapidly advancing Large Language Models (LLMs), aiming for a more accurate assessment of their capabilities and limitations. We utilize a multi-agent system to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Siyuan Wang , Zhuohan Long , Zhihao Fan , Zhongyu Wei , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Models demonstrate strong reasoning and generation abilities, yet their behavior in multi-turn tasks often lacks reliability and verifiability. We present a task completion framework that enables LLM-based agents to act under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Gonca Gürsun

Efficient agentic systems should incur expensive frontier-model costs only on decisions where a cheaper local model is likely to fail. Existing LLM cascades usually route whole queries before execution, but task difficulty shifts…

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agentic systems have shown growing promise in tackling complex, multi-step tasks through autonomous planning, reasoning, and interaction with external environments. However, the stochastic nature of LLM…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shuo Yan , Xiaolin Wen , Shaolun Ruan , Yanjie Zhang , Jiaming Mi , Yushi Sun , Huamin Qu , Rui Sheng

Multi-document Multi-entity Question Answering inherently demands models to track implicit logic between multiple entities across scattered documents. However, existing Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Teng Lin , Yizhang Zhu , Zhengxuan Zhang , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

Recently, Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have demonstrated unique efficiency advantages, enabled by their inherently parallel decoding mechanism and flexible generation paradigm. Meanwhile, despite the rapid advancement of Search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiahao Zhao , Shaoxuan Xu , Zhongxiang Sun , Fengqi Zhu , Jingyang Ou , Yuling Shi , Chongxuan Li , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Large language model-driven multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS) excel at complex tasks, yet unreliable agents remain a key bottleneck to system-level reliability. Automatic failure attribution is therefore critical, but existing approaches, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hezhe Qiao , Hanghang Tong , Ee-Peng Lim , Bing Liu , Guansong Pang

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has inspired the development of LLM-based agents capable of addressing complex, real-world tasks. However, these agents often struggle during task execution due to methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yaoxiang Wang , Zhiyong Wu , Junfeng Yao , Jinsong Su

RTL program repair remains a critical bottleneck in hardware design and verification. Traditional automatic program repair (APR) methods rely on predefined templates and synthesis, limiting their bug coverage. Large language models (LLMs)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zizhang Luo , Yansong Xu , Runlin Guo , Fan Cui , Kexing Zhou , Mile Xia , Hongyuan Hou , Yuhao Luo , Yun Liang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based applications are increasingly deployed across various domains, including customer service, education, and mobility. However, these systems are prone to inaccurate, fictitious, or harmful responses, and their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Lev Sorokin , Ivan Vasilev , Ken E. Friedl , Andrea Stocco

Agents based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated effectiveness in solving a wide range of tasks by integrating LLMs with key modules such as planning, memory, and tool usage. Increasingly, customers are adopting LLM agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zhenlan Ji , Daoyuan Wu , Pingchuan Ma , Zongjie Li , Shuai Wang

Machine learning and Large language models (LLMs) for vulnerability detection has received significant attention in recent years. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art techniques show that LLMs are unsuccessful in even distinguishing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mohammed Sayagh , Mohammad Ghafari

Large Language Models are being increasingly deployed as the decision-making core of autonomous agents capable of effecting change in external environments. Yet, in conversational benchmarks, which simulate real-world customer-centric issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Amir Saeidi , Venkatesh Mishra , Souradeep Mukhopadhyay , Gaowen Liu , Ali Payani , Jayanth Srinivasa , Chitta Baral

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a new era marked by the development of autonomous applications in real-world scenarios, which drives innovation in creating advanced web agents. Existing web agents typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Hongliang He , Wenlin Yao , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Yong Dai , Hongming Zhang , Zhenzhong Lan , Dong Yu

Consensus protocols form the backbone of distributed systems and blockchains, where implementation bugs can cause data corruption and financial losses. While LLM-based approaches show promise in code analysis, they struggle with deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiang Liu , Sa Song , Zhaowei Zhang , Huiying Lan , Jason Zeng , Ming Wu , Michael Heinrich , Yong Sun , Ceyao Zhang

Large language model (LLM) agents perform strongly on short- and mid-horizon tasks, but often break down on long-horizon tasks that require extended, interdependent action sequences. Despite rapid progress in agentic systems, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xinyu Jessica Wang , Haoyue Bai , Yiyou Sun , Haorui Wang , Shuibai Zhang , Wenjie Hu , Mya Schroder , Bilge Mutlu , Dawn Song , Robert D Nowak

Patching severe security flaws in complex software remains a major challenge. While automated tools like fuzzers efficiently discover bugs, fixing deep-rooted low-level faults (e.g., use-after-free and memory corruption) still requires…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Maolin Sun , Yibiao Yang , Xuanlin Liu , Yuming Zhou , Baowen Xu

The rapid adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) agents and multi-agent systems enables remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and generation. However, these systems introduce security vulnerabilities that extend beyond…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Matteo Lupinacci , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Francesco Blefari , Francesco Romeo , Luigi Arena , Angelo Furfaro