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Hybrid interpretable models combine a transparent component with a black-box model by assigning some examples to the former and deferring the rest to the latter. While this design enables flexible tradeoffs between accuracy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ziba Jabbar Zare , Ulrich Aïvodji , Julien Ferry , Thibaut Vidal

A definition of intelligence is given in terms of performance that can be quantitatively measured. In this study, we have presented a conceptual model of Intelligent Agent System for Automatic Vehicle Checking Agent (VCA). To achieve this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-12-06 Bashir Ahmad , Shakeel Ahmad , Shahid Hussain , Muhammad Zaheer Aslam , Zafar Abbas

In order for agents trained by deep reinforcement learning to work alongside humans in realistic settings, we will need to ensure that the agents are \emph{robust}. Since the real world is very diverse, and human behavior often changes in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Paul Knott , Micah Carroll , Sam Devlin , Kamil Ciosek , Katja Hofmann , A. D. Dragan , Rohin Shah

Reproducibility problems that have long affected machine learning and reinforcement learning are now surfacing in agent research: papers compare systems by reported scores while leaving the rollout records behind those scores difficult to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Charlie Masters , Ziyuan Liu , Stefano V. Albrecht

Purpose: To evaluate a fully-automated deep-learning-based method for assessment of intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC). Methods: Two observers manually delineated ICAC in non-contrast CT scans of 2,319 participants (mean age…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-21 Gerda Bortsova , Daniel Bos , Florian Dubost , Meike W. Vernooij , M. Kamran Ikram , Gijs van Tulder , Marleen de Bruijne

In-Context Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for developing agents that can rapidly adapt to new tasks by leveraging past experiences as context, without updating their parameters. Recent approaches train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Wenhao Zhang , Shao Zhang , Xihuai Wang , Yang Li , Ying Wen

Removing an agent from a cooperative team to measure its contribution seems natural, yet in multi-agent LLM systems this evaluation distorts the result it claims to measure. This failure is not isolated: learned critics, trajectory-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yanjun Chen , Yirong Sun , Hanlin Wang , Jinghan Wang , Xinming Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen , Wenjie Li , Wei Zhang

While large language models are capable diagnostic tools, the impact of multi-agent topology on diagnostic accuracy remains underexplored. This study evaluates four agent topologies, Control (single agent), Hierarchical, Adversarial, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ahmed Almasoud

Autonomous computer use agents that powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are emerging as capable assistants for completing complex digital workflows. However, real-world execution environments are far from ideal: pop-ups,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jingwei Sun , Jianing Zhu , Yuanyi Li , Tongliang Liu , Xia HU , Bo Han

Recent advances in AI-assisted education have encouraged the integration of vision-language models (VLMs) into academic assessment, particularly for tasks that require both quantitative and qualitative evaluation. However, existing VLM…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Kwangsuk Park , Jiwoong Yang

Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) in large enterprises can generate hundreds of thousands of alerts per hour, overwhelming analysts with logs requiring rapidly evolving expertise. Conventional machine-learning detectors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Francesco Blefari , Cristian Cosentino , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Angelo Furfaro , Fabrizio Marozzo

Benchmarks shape scientific conclusions about model capabilities and steer model development. This creates a feedback loop: stronger benchmarks drive better models, and better models demand more discriminative benchmarks. Ensuring benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Arda Uzunoglu , Tianjian Li , Daniel Khashabi

Adversarial robustness remains a critical challenge in deploying neural network classifiers, particularly in real-time systems where ground-truth labels are unavailable during inference. This paper investigates \textit{Volatility in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Vahid Hemmati , Ahmad Mohammadi , Abdul-Rauf Nuhu , Reza Ahmari , Parham Kebria , Abdollah Homaifar

While large language models have significantly accelerated scientific code generation, comprehensively evaluating the generated code remains a major challenge. Traditional benchmarks reduce evaluation to test-case matching, an approach…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Hong Zhang , Barry Smith , Satish Balay , Le Chen , Murat Keceli , Lois Curfman McInnes , Junchao Zhang

Agentic coding tools, such as OpenAI Codex, Claude Code, and Cursor, are transforming the software engineering landscape. These AI-powered systems function as autonomous teammates capable of planning and executing complex development tasks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kosei Horikawa , Hao Li , Yutaro Kashiwa , Bram Adams , Hajimu Iida , Ahmed E. Hassan

Evaluating large language models (LLM) in clinical scenarios is crucial to assessing their potential clinical utility. Existing benchmarks rely heavily on static question-answering, which does not accurately depict the complex, sequential…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Samuel Schmidgall , Rojin Ziaei , Carl Harris , Eduardo Reis , Jeffrey Jopling , Michael Moor

Language agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in web search and information retrieval. However, these search agents assume user queries are complete and unambiguous, an assumption that diverges from reality where users begin with…

In-Context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a pivotal capability of auto-regressive large language models, yet it is hindered by a notable sensitivity to the ordering of context examples regardless of their mutual independence. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Lizhe Fang , Yifei Wang , Khashayar Gatmiry , Lei Fang , Yisen Wang

As the focus in LLM-based coding shifts from static single-step code generation to multi-step agentic interaction with tools and environments, understanding which tasks will challenge agents and why becomes increasingly difficult. This is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Chris Ge , Daria Kryvosheieva , Daniel Fried , Uzay Girit , Kaivalya Hariharan

We adapt split conformal prediction and adaptive conformal inference (ACI) to continuous AI agent evaluation, providing distribution-free coverage guarantees for forecasted quality scores. Conformal intervals achieve calibration error below…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuxuan Gao , Megan Wang , Yi Ling Yu