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The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement, originally introduced to uncover the extreme violation of local realism against quantum mechanics, is an important resource for multiparty quantum communication tasks. But the low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Yao Fu , Hua-Lei Yin , Teng-Yun Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

Quantum communications harness quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement to enhance information transfer between remote nodes. Coherent quantum communications, essential for phase-based quantum internet architecture, require…

We present a novel scheme for controlled quantum secure communication (CQSC) using GHZ-like state. In this scheme, a trusted controller assists the users for achieving secure transmission of data between them. The dense coding technique is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-27 Jemy Geordy , Dintomon Joy , M Sabir

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) and quantum conference key agreement (QCKA) provide efficient encryption approaches for realizing multi-party secure communication, which are essential components of future quantum networks. We present three…

Optics · Physics 2023-12-14 Shuaishuai Liu , Zhengguo Lu , Pu Wang , Yan Tian , Qing Lu , Xuyang Wang , Yongmin Li

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, also known as two-component Schr\"{o}dinger cats, play vital roles in the foundation of quantum physics and, more attractively, in future quantum technologies such as fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum communication networks are crucial for both secure communication and cryptographic networked tasks. Building quantum communication networks in a scalable and cost-effective way is essential for their widespread adoption, among which…

By introducing a semi-honest third party (TP), we propose in this paper a novel QPC protocol using (n+1)- qubit (n \ge 2) Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as information carriers. The parameter n not only determines the number of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Zhaoxu Ji , Peiru Fan , Huanguo Zhang , Houzhen Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) based on coherent states is well known for its implementation simplicity, but it suffers from loss-dependent attacks based on optimal unambiguous state discrimination. Crucially, previous research has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Li Liu , Yukun Wang , Emilien Lavie , Arno Ricou , Chao Wang , Fen Zhuo Guo , Charles Ci Wen Lim

Secure cryptographic protocols are indispensable for modern communication systems. It is realized through an encryption process in cryptography. In quantum cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a widely popular quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Arunaday Gupta , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

Multipartite entanglement enables secure and anonymous key exchange between multiple parties in a network. In particular Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states have been introduced as resource states for anonymous key exchange protocols,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Lukas Rückle , Jakob Budde , Jarn de Jong , Frederik Hahn , Anna Pappa , Stefanie Barz

Progress in the development of techniques for the construction of multiuser quantum communications networks is reviewed in light of the plans for an EU quantum communications infrastructure (EU QCI). Quantum key distribution networks may be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-06 Adam M. Lewis , Petra F. Scudo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure communication by harnessing the fundamental principles of quantum physics, which inherently guarantee information-theoretic security and intrinsic resistance to quantum computing attacks.…

Source-independent quantum secret sharing (SI QSS), while essential for secure multiuser cryptographic operations in quantum networks, faces significant implementation challenges stemming from the inherent complexity of generating and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Yi-Ran Xiao , Hua-Lei Yin , Wen-Ji Hua , Xiao-Yu Cao , Zeng-Bing Chen

Quantum network coding is an effective solution for alleviating bottlenecks in quantum networks. We introduce a measurement-based quantum network coding scheme for quantum repeater networks (MQNC), and analyze its behavior based on results…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Takaaki Matsuo , Takahiko Satoh , Shota Nagayama , Rodney Van Meter

Distributed quantum entanglement plays a crucial role in realizing networks that connect quantum devices. However, sharing entanglement between distant nodes by means of photons is a challenging process primary due to unavoidable losses in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Hikaru Shimizu , Wojciech Roga , David Elkouss , Masahiro Takeoka

Quantum communication complexity studies the efficiency of information communication (that is, the minimum amount of communication required to achieve a certain task) using quantum states. One representative example is quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-06 Xiaoqing Zhong , Feihu Xu , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Li Qian

Quantum key distribution (QKD), which promises secure key exchange between two remote parties, is now moving toward the realization of scalable and secure QKD networks (QNs). Fully connected, trusted node-free QNs have been realized based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Wenhan Yan , Xiaodong Zheng , Wenjun Wen , Liangliang Lu , Yifeng Du , Yanqing Lu , Shining Zhu , Xiao-Song Ma

Quantum entanglement is a key resource for quantum computation and quantum communication \cite{Nielsen2010}. Scaling to large quantum communication or computation networks further requires the deterministic generation of multi-qubit…

Conventional Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) requires the transmission of multiple qubits equivalent to the length of the key. As quantum networks are still in their infancy thus, they are expected to have a limited capacity, necessitating…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Tasdiqul Islam , Engin Arslan

The majority of research to date has concentrated on the quantum key distribution (QKD) between two parties. In general, the QKD protocols proposed for the multiparty scenario often involve the usage of a maximally entangled state, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Kumar Nilesh