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Energy storage can absorb variability from the rising number of wind and solar power producers. Storage is different from the conventional generators that have traditionally balanced supply and demand on fast time scales due to its hard…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-02 Josh A. Taylor , Johanna L. Mathieu , Duncan S. Callaway , Kameshwar Poolla

This paper studies the problem of maximizing revenue from a grid-scale battery energy storage system, accounting for uncertain future electricity prices and the effect of degradation on battery lifetime. We formulate this task as an online…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Jack Umenberger , Anna Osguthorpe Rasmussen

This paper examines the value of storage in securing reliability of a system with uncertain supply and demand, and supply friction. The storage is frictionless as a supply source, but once used, it cannot be filled up instantaneously. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-09-30 Ali ParandehGheibi , Mardavij Roozbehani , Asuman Ozdaglar , Munther A Dahleh

Large scale renewable energy integration is being planned for multiple power grids around the world. To achieve secure and stable grid operations, additional resources/reserves are needed to mitigate the inherent intermittency of renewable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-21 Md Umar Hashmi , Deepjyoti Deka , Lucas Pereira , Ana Busic

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are a key enabler of the energy transition. However, they are known to exhibit significant inaccuracies in the estimation of their State of Charge (SOC). Such estimation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Jan Brändle , Gabriela Hug

This study examines the economic impact of post-hoc uncertainty discounting in predictive energy management, specifically in battery energy arbitrage. A 2.2 MWh, 1.1 MW Tesla battery, emulating operations at the University of Queensland's…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Arnab Bhattacharjee

The increase of renewables in the grid and the volatility of the load create uncertainties in the day-ahead prices of electricity markets. Adaptive robust optimization (ARO) and stochastic optimization have been used to make commitment and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-18 Dimitris Bertsimas , Angelos G. Koulouras

Ensuring safety is important for the practical deployment of reinforcement learning (RL). Various challenges must be addressed, such as handling stochasticity in the environments, providing rigorous guarantees of persistent state-wise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Milan Ganai , Zheng Gong , Chenning Yu , Sylvia Herbert , Sicun Gao

The integration of renewable energy into the power grid is often hindered by its fragmented infrastructure, leading to inefficient utilization due to the variability of energy production and its reliance on weather conditions. Battery…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-20 Dhrumil Bhatt , Siddharth Penumatsa , Nirbhay Singhal

Sharing economy has disrupted many industries. We foresee that electricity storage systems could be the enabler for sharing economy in electricity sector, though its implementation is a delicate task. Unlike in the 2-tier Time-of-Use (ToU)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-10 Kui Wang , Yang Yu , Chenye Wu

The increasing interconnection of power systems through AC and DC links enables energy storage units to access multiple electricity markets yet most existing arbitrage models remain limited to singlemarket participation This gap restricts…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Md Umar Hashmi , Harsha Nagarajan , Dirk Van Hertem1

Load serving entities with storage units reach sizes and performances that can significantly impact clearing prices in electricity markets. Nevertheless, price endogeneity is rarely considered in storage bidding strategies and modeling the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-07 Mathilde D. Badoual , Scott J. Moura

Electricity storage is used for intertemporal price arbitrage and for ancillary services that balance unforeseen supply and demand fluctuations via frequency regulation. We present an optimization model that computes bids for both arbitrage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Dirk Lauinger , Luc Coté , Andy Sun

The fluctuations of electricity prices in demand response schemes and intermittency of renewable energy supplies necessitate the adoption of energy storage in microgrids. However, it is challenging to design effective real-time energy…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Chi-Kin Chau , Guanglin Zhang , Minghua Chen

Large scale electricity storage is set to play an increasingly important role in the management of future energy networks. A major aspect of the economics of such projects is captured in arbitrage, i.e. buying electricity when it is cheap…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-05-25 James Cruise , Lisa Flatley , Richard Gibbens , Stan Zachary

Quantity and price risks are key uncertainties market participants face in electricity markets with increased volatility, for instance, due to high shares of renewables. From day ahead until real-time, there is a large variation in the best…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-21 Paul E. Seifert , Emil Kraft , Steffen Bakker , Stein-Erik Fleten

This paper presents a framework for deriving the storage capacity that an electricity system requires in order to satisfy a chosen risk appetite. The framework takes as inputs user-defined event categories, parameterised by peak…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-02 Michael P. Evans , Simon H. Tindemans

Energy storage shifts energy from off-peak periods to on-peak periods. Unlike conventional generation, storage is duration-limited: the stored energy capacity constrains the duration over which it can supply power. To understand how these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Daniel Shen , Marija Ilic , John Parsons

The increasing penetration of renewable energy in recent years has led to more uncertainties in power systems. In order to maintain system reliability and security, electricity market operators need to keep certain reserves in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-21 Hongxing Ye , Zuyi Li

The ambitious targets for renewable energy penetration warrant huge flexibility in the power system. Such flexibility does not come free. In this paper, we examine the possibility of utilizing storage systems for achieving high renewable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-10 Jiasheng Zhang , Nan Gu , Yang Yu , Chenye Wu