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Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces a model's memory footprint by mapping full precision weights into low bit weights without costly retraining, but can degrade its downstream performance especially in low 2- to 3-bit settings. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Hanqi Xiao , Yi-Lin Sung , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

In recent years, compression of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as an important problem to enable language model deployment on resource-constrained devices, reduce computational costs, and mitigate the environmental footprint of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Sean I. Young

The migration of Large Language Models (LLMs) from cloud clusters to edge devices promises enhanced privacy and offline accessibility, but this transition encounters a harsh reality: the physical constraints of mobile batteries, thermal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Eziyo Ehsani , Luca Giamattei , Ivano Malavolta , Roberto Pietrantuono

Quantization has emerged as a promising technique for improving the memory and computational efficiency of large language models (LLMs). Though the trade-off between performance and efficiency is well-known, there is still much to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown their remarkable capacities in many NLP tasks. However, their substantial size often presents challenges for deployment. This necessitates efficient techniques for model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Robin Baki Davidsson , Pierre Nugues

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse language tasks. But their deployment is often constrained by their substantial computational and storage requirements. Quantization has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Pranav Ajit Nair , Arun Sai Suggala

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are essential in computer vision but are computationally intensive, too. Model quantization, particularly to low bit-widths like 4-bit, aims to alleviate this difficulty, yet existing Post-Training Quantization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Guang Liang , Xinyao Liu , Jianxin Wu

Large language models of code exhibit high capability in performing diverse software engineering tasks, such as code translation, defect detection, text-to-code generation, and code summarization. While their ability to enhance developer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Aftab Hussain , Sadegh AlMahdi Kazemi Zarkouei , Md Rafiqul Islam Rabin , Mohammad Amin Alipour , Sen Lin , Bowen Xu

We present QuantX: a tailored suite of recipes for LLM and VLM quantization. It is capable of quantizing down to 3-bit resolutions with minimal loss in performance. The quantization strategies in QuantX take into account hardware-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Muhammad Ahmad , Khurram Mazher , Saqib Akram , Ahmad Tameem , Saad Bin Nasir

Post-training quantization (PTQ) serves as a potent technique to accelerate the inference of large language models (LLMs). Nonetheless, existing works still necessitate a considerable number of floating-point (FP) operations during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Xing Hu , Yuan Cheng , Dawei Yang , Zhihang Yuan , Jiangyong Yu , Chen Xu , Sifan Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across tasks, but face storage and compute challenges on edge devices. We propose EntroLLM, a compression framework combining mixed quantization and entropy coding to reduce storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Arnab Sanyal , Gourav Datta , Prithwish Mukherjee , Sandeep P. Chinchali , Michael Orshansky

As organizations scale adoption of generative AI, model cost optimization and operational efficiency have emerged as critical factors determining sustainability and accessibility. While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Polaris Jhandi , Owais Kazi , Shreyas Subramanian , Neel Sendas

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) are propelling us toward artificial general intelligence with their remarkable emergent abilities and reasoning capabilities. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Ruihao Gong , Yang Yong , Shiqiao Gu , Yushi Huang , Chengtao Lv , Yunchen Zhang , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Transformer-based architectures like BERT have achieved great success in a wide range of Natural Language tasks. Despite their decent performance, the models still have numerous parameters and high computational complexity, impeding their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ting Hu , Christoph Meinel , Haojin Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across many domains, but their scale makes deployment challenging. Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) reduces memory footprint without retraining by leveraging a small calibration set. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jaemin Kim , Sungkyun Kim , Junyeol Lee , Jiwon Seo

Model quantification uses low bit-width values to represent the weight matrices of existing models to be quantized, which is a promising approach to reduce both storage and computational overheads of deploying highly anticipated LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yuzhuang Xu , Xu Han , Zonghan Yang , Shuo Wang , Qingfu Zhu , Zhiyuan Liu , Weidong Liu , Wanxiang Che

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is a critical strategy for efficient Large Language Models (LLMs) deployment. However, existing scaling laws primarily focus on general performance, overlooking crucial fine-grained factors and how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Chenxi Zhou , Pengfei Cao , Jiang Li , Bohan Yu , Jinyu Ye , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Recent breakthroughs in Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on various tasks. The immense sizes of LLMs have led to very high resource demand and cost for running the models. Though the models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Juntao Zhao , Borui Wan , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in diverse applications but suffer inefficiency due to massive scale. While quantization reduces computational costs, existing methods degrade accuracy in medium-sized LLMs (e.g., Llama-3-8B) due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yuxuan Hu , Xiaodong Chen , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jing Zhang

Efficient deployment of large language models (LLMs) necessitates low-bit quantization to minimize model size and inference cost. While low-bit integer formats (e.g., INT8/INT4) have been the conventional choice, emerging low-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yijia Zhang , Lingran Zhao , Shijie Cao , Wenqiang Wang , Ting Cao , Fan Yang , Mao Yang , Shanghang Zhang , Ningyi Xu