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Related papers: PureMagic: A Dynamic Scheduler for Lattice Surgery

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Motivated by their necessity for most fault-tolerant quantum computation schemes, we formulate a resource theory for magic states. We first show that robustness of magic is a well-behaved magic monotone that operationally quantifies the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-16 Mark Howard , Earl T. Campbell

The preparation of high-fidelity non-Clifford (magic) states is an essential subroutine for universal quantum computation, but imposes substantial space-time overhead. Magic state factories based on high rate and distance quantum…

When calculating the overhead of a quantum algorithm made fault-tolerant using the surface code, many previous works have used defects and braids for logical qubit storage and state distillation. In this work, we show that lattice surgery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Austin G. Fowler , Craig Gidney

Practical quantum advantage is expected to depend on fault-tolerant quantum computing, although the architectural overhead needed to support fault tolerance is still extremely high. Prior FTQC designs generally emphasize either fast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Archisman Ghosh , Avimita Chatterjee , Swaroop Ghosh

A set of stabilizer operations augmented by some special initial states known as 'magic states', gives the possibility of universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, magic state preparation inevitably involves nonideal operations…

The standard approach to fault-tolerant quantum computation is to store information in a quantum error correction code, such as the surface code, and process information using a strategy that can be summarized as distill-then-synthesize. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Earl T. Campbell , Mark Howard

Magic state distillation is a crucial yet resource-intensive process in fault-tolerant quantum computation. The protocol's overhead, defined as the number of input magic states required per output magic state with an error rate below…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-22 Adam Wills , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Hayata Yamasaki

Erasure qubits constitute a promising approach for tackling the daunting resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computing. By heralding erasure errors, both the error-correction threshold and the sub-threshold scaling of the logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Shoham Jacoby , Yotam Vaknin , Alex Retzker , Arne L. Grimsmo

Magic states are essential for universal quantum computation and are widely viewed as a key source of quantum advantage, yet in realistic devices they are inevitably noisy. In this work, we characterize how noise on injected magic resources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Jiwon Heo , Sojeong Park , Changhun Oh

Fault-tolerant quantum computers, with error correction implemented using topological codes, will most likely require lattice surgery protocols in order to implement a universal gate set. Timelike failures during lattice surgery protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-31 Prithviraj Prabhu , Christopher Chamberland

Magic state distillation is a crucial component in the leading approaches to implementing universal fault tolerant quantum computation, with existing protocols for both qubit and higher dimensional systems. Early work focused on determining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-25 Hillary Dawkins , Mark Howard

The emerging field of quantum resource estimation is aimed at providing estimates of the hardware requirements (`quantum resources') needed to execute a useful, fault-tolerant quantum computation. Given that quantum computers are intended…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Alan Robertson , Haowen Gao , Yuval R. Sanders

Quantum computing holds the promise of solving problems intractable for classical computers, but practical large-scale quantum computation requires error correction to protect against errors. Fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) enables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Meng Wang , Chenxu Liu , Sean Garner , Samuel Stein , Yufei Ding , Prashant J. Nair , Ang Li

I reduce the cost to prepare magic states with lattice surgery operations on the surface code by using a recursive implementation of 15-to-1 magic state distillation. On a rotated surface code with distance $d$, $|T\rangle$ preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Jonathan E. Moussa

Quantum computers have the potential to change the way we solve computational problems. Due to the noisy nature of qubits, the need arises to correct physical errors occurring during computation. The surface code is a promising candidate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-06 Gyorgy P. Geher , Ophelia Crawford , Earl T. Campbell

Magic state cultivation is a state-of-the-art protocol to prepare ultra-high fidelity non-Clifford resource states for universal quantum computation. It offers a significant reduction in spacetime overhead compared to traditional magic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Kaavya Sahay , Pei-Kai Tsai , Kathleen Chang , Qile Su , Thomas B. Smith , Shraddha Singh , Shruti Puri

We consider a model of quantum computation in which the set of elementary operations is limited to Clifford unitaries, the creation of the state $|0\rangle$ computational basis. In addition, we allow the creation of a one-qubit ancilla in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-07 Sergei Bravyi , Alexei Kitaev

Magic state distillation (MSD) is a purification protocol that plays a central role in fault tolerant quantum computation. Repeated iteration of the steps of a MSD protocol, generates pure single non-stabilizer states, or magic states, from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-11 Hussain Anwar , Earl T. Campbell , Dan E. Browne

We improve the accuracy of Active Volume resource estimates by explicitly scheduling when Active Volume blocks execute. We present software that uses a greedy strategy to assign each logical qubit a role in each logical cycle (e.g.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Sam Heavey , Athena Caesura

Quantum error correction and fault-tolerance have provided the possibility for large scale quantum computations without a detrimental loss of quantum information. A very natural class of gates for fault-tolerant quantum computation is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-12 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Yafei Yu , Bassam Helou , Raymond Laflamme