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Generative question answering (QA) models generate answers to questions either solely based on the parameters of the model (the closed-book setting) or additionally retrieving relevant evidence (the open-book setting). Generative QA models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Zhengbao Jiang , Jun Araki , Haibo Ding , Graham Neubig

In simple open-domain question answering (QA), dense retrieval has become one of the standard approaches for retrieving the relevant passages to infer an answer. Recently, dense retrieval also achieved state-of-the-art results in multi-hop…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Georgios Sidiropoulos , Nikos Voskarides , Svitlana Vakulenko , Evangelos Kanoulas

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) remains brittle on multi-step questions and heterogeneous evidence sources, trading accuracy against latency and token/tool budgets. This paper introduces RELOOP, a structure aware framework using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ruiyi Yang , Hao Xue , Imran Razzak , Hakim Hacid , Flora D. Salim

With the rapid development of knowledge bases(KBs),question answering(QA)based on KBs has become a hot research issue. In this paper,we propose two frameworks(i.e.,pipeline framework,an end-to-end framework)to focus answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Lin Li , Mengjing Zhang , Zhaohui Chao , Jianwen Xiang

Multi-hop question answering (QA) necessitates multi-step reasoning and retrieval across interconnected subjects, attributes, and relations. Existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods struggle to capture these structural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jimeng Shi , Wei Hu , Runchu Tian , Bowen Jin , Wonbin Kweon , SeongKu Kang , Yunfan Kang , Dingqi Ye , Sizhe Zhou , Shaowen Wang , Jiawei Han

Multi-relation Question Answering is a challenging task, due to the requirement of elaborated analysis on questions and reasoning over multiple fact triples in knowledge base. In this paper, we present a novel model called Interpretable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Mantong Zhou , Minlie Huang , Xiaoyan Zhu

Multi-hop Question Answering (MHQA) adds layers of complexity to question answering, making it more challenging. When Language Models (LMs) are prompted with multiple search results, they are tasked not only with retrieving relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenyu Huang , Pavlos Vougiouklis , Mirella Lapata , Jeff Z. Pan

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated strong performance in multilingual question-answering (QA) tasks by leveraging relevant passages retrieved from corpora. In multilingual RAG (mRAG), the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jirui Qi , Raquel Fernández , Arianna Bisazza

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in the biomedical domain requires benchmarks that can distinguish reasoning from pattern matching and remain discriminative as model capabilities improve. Existing biomedical question answering (QA)…

AI applications increasingly depend on long-context inference, where LLMs consume substantial context to support stronger reasoning. Common examples include retrieval-augmented generation, agent memory layers, and multi-agent orchestration.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yinsicheng Jiang , Yeqi Huang , Liang Cheng , Cheng Deng , Xuan Sun , Luo Mai

Coherence is an important aspect of text quality and is crucial for ensuring its readability. It is essential desirable for outputs from text generation systems like summarization, question answering, machine translation, question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Tushar Abhishek , Daksh Rawat , Manish Gupta , Vasudeva Varma

Retrieval plays a central role in multi-hop question answering (QA), where answering complex questions requires gathering multiple pieces of evidence. We introduce an Agentic Retrieval System that leverages large language models (LLMs) in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Md Mahadi Hasan Nahid , Davood Rafiei

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges in multi-hop question answering (MHQA), where complex queries require synthesizing information across multiple document chunks. Existing approaches typically rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Zhonghao Li , Kunpeng Zhang , Jinghuai Ou , Shuliang Liu , Xuming Hu

Retrieval-based multi-image question answering (QA) task involves retrieving multiple question-related images and synthesizing these images to generate an answer. Conventional "retrieve-then-answer" pipelines often suffer from cascading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Peize Li , Qingyi Si , Peng Fu , Zheng Lin , Yan Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved multi-hop question answering (QA) through direct Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, the irreversible nature of CoT leads to error accumulation, making it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xinjie Zhao , Fan Gao , Xingyu Song , Yingjian Chen , Rui Yang , Yanran Fu , Yuyang Wang , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo , Irene Li

Retrieval question answering (ReQA) is the task of retrieving a sentence-level answer to a question from an open corpus (Ahmad et al.,2019).This paper presents MultiReQA, anew multi-domain ReQA evaluation suite com-posed of eight retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Mandy Guo , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer , Qinlan Shen , Noah Constant

We investigate the ability of language models to perform compositional reasoning tasks where the overall solution depends on correctly composing the answers to sub-problems. We measure how often models can correctly answer all sub-problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ofir Press , Muru Zhang , Sewon Min , Ludwig Schmidt , Noah A. Smith , Mike Lewis

Existing approaches for open-domain question answering (QA) are typically designed for questions that require either single-hop or multi-hop reasoning, which make strong assumptions of the complexity of questions to be answered. Also,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Ping Nie , Yuyu Zhang , Arun Ramamurthy , Le Song

Conversational search plays a vital role in conversational information seeking. As queries in information seeking dialogues are ambiguous for traditional ad-hoc information retrieval (IR) systems due to the coreference and omission…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Sheng-Chieh Lin , Jheng-Hong Yang , Rodrigo Nogueira , Ming-Feng Tsai , Chuan-Ju Wang , Jimmy Lin

This paper presents our approach to the TREC Interactive Knowledge Assistance Track (iKAT), which focuses on improving conversational information-seeking (CIS) systems. While recent advancements in CIS have improved conversational agents'…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Victor De Lima , Grace Hui Yang
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