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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence (AI) services due to their exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human-like text. LLM chatbots, in particular, have seen widespread adoption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Ying Zhang , Zefeng Li , Haoyu Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Automatic evaluation is an integral aspect of dialogue system research. The traditional reference-based NLG metrics are generally found to be unsuitable for dialogue assessment. Consequently, recent studies have suggested various unique,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Yiming Chen , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li

Conversational AI chatbots have become increasingly common within the customer service industry. Despite improvements in their emotional development, they often lack the authenticity of real customer service interactions or the competence…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Antonin Brun , Ruying Liu , Aryan Shukla , Frances Watson , Jonathan Gratch

Warning: Contains harmful model outputs. Despite significant advancements, the propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate harmful and unethical content poses critical challenges. Measuring value alignment of LLMs becomes crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Han Jiang , Xiaoyuan Yi , Zhihua Wei , Ziang Xiao , Shu Wang , Xing Xie

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in diverse applications requires a thorough understanding of their decision-making strategies and behavioral patterns. As a supplement to a recent study on the behavioral Turing test, this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yutong Xie , Yiyao Liu , Zhuang Ma , Lin Shi , Xiyuan Wang , Walter Yuan , Matthew O. Jackson , Qiaozhu Mei

Large Language Model (LLM) chatbots like ChatGPT have emerged as cognitive scaffolding for autistic users, yet the tension between their utility and risk remains under-articulated. Through an inductive thematic analysis of 3,984 social…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Renkai Ma , Ben Zefeng Zhang , Chen Chen , Fan Yang , Xiaoshan Huang , Haolun Wu , Lingyao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming enterprise workflows but introduce security and ethics challenges when employees inadvertently share confidential data or generate policy-violating content. This paper proposes SafeGPT, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Pratyush Desai , Luoxi Tang , Yuqiao Meng , Zhaohan Xi

Emotion cognition in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for enhancing performance across various applications, such as social media, human-computer interaction, and mental health assessment. We explore the current landscape of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Yuyan Chen , Yanghua Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their impressive performance. While considerable research has evaluated these models from various perspectives, the extent to which LLMs can perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Guimin Hu , Hasti Seifi

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly power conversational agents, understanding how they model users' emotional states is critical for ethical deployment. Inspired by emotion wheels -- a psychological framework that argues emotions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Bo Zhao , Maya Okawa , Eric J. Bigelow , Rose Yu , Tomer Ullman , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Hidenori Tanaka

This study validates Large Language Models (LLMs) as a dynamic alternative to questionnaire-based personality assessment. Using a within-subjects experiment (N=33), we compared Big Five personality scores derived from guided LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Andrius Matšenas , Anet Lello , Tõnis Lees , Hans Peep , Kim Lilii Tamm

Large language models (LLMs) show promising capabilities in predicting human emotions from text. However, the mechanisms through which these models process emotional stimuli remain largely unexplored. Our study addresses this gap by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ala N. Tak , Amin Banayeeanzade , Anahita Bolourani , Mina Kian , Robin Jia , Jonathan Gratch

Drawing from the resources of psychoanalysis and critical media studies, in this paper we develop an analysis of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated subjects. We argue the intentional fictional projection of subjectivity onto LLMs can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Liam Magee , Vanicka Arora , Luke Munn

Large Language Models like GPT-4 adjust their responses not only based on the question asked, but also on how it is emotionally phrased. We systematically vary the emotional tone of 156 prompts - spanning controversial and everyday topics -…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Franck Bardol

Guardrail, an emerging mechanism designed to ensure that large language models (LLMs) align with human values by moderating harmful or toxic responses, requires a sociotechnical approach in their design. This paper addresses a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Xiaowei Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) succeed in many natural language processing tasks. However, their tendency to hallucinate - generate plausible but inconsistent or factually incorrect text - can cause significant problems in certain tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Xiangyan Chen , Yujian Gan , Yimeng Gu , Matthew Purver

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of natural language tasks, but often exhibit overconfidence and generate plausible yet incorrect answers. This overconfidence, especially in models undergone…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Zeguan Xiao , Diyang Dou , Boya Xiong , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT, LLaMA, and Claude achieve remarkable performance in text generation but remain opaque in their decision-making processes, limiting trust and accountability in high-stakes applications. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zeinab Dehghani , Mohammed Naveed Akram , Koorosh Aslansefat , Adil Khan , Yiannis Papadopoulos

Large language models are increasingly used for mental health support, yet little is known about whether their responses are psychologically safe across different help-seeking styles. We examine a foundational distinction in emotional…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Vivienne Bihe Chi , Adithya V Ganesan , Ryan L Boyd , Lyle Ungar , Sharath Chandra Guntuku

Large Language Models (LLMs),such as ChatGPT, are increasingly used in research, ranging from simple writing assistance to complex data annotation tasks. Recently, some research has suggested that LLMs may even be able to simulate human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Sarah Schröder , Thekla Morgenroth , Ulrike Kuhl , Valerie Vaquet , Benjamin Paaßen