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Visible and ultraviolet imaging and spectroscopy of Solar System giant planets can set the paradigm for the atmospheric, ionospheric, and magnetospheric processes shaping the diversity of giant exoplanets, brown dwarfs, and their…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-22 Leigh N. Fletcher , Amy Simon , Michael H. Wong , Jonathan D. Nichols , Nick A. Teanby , Conor A. Nixon , Marina Galand

The HWO Target Stars and Systems 2025 (TSS25) list is a community-developed catalog of potential stellar targets for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) in its survey to directly image Earth-sized planets in the habitable zone. The TSS25…

The PLATO mission is scheduled for launch in 2026. This study aims to estimate the number of exoplanets that PLATO can detect as a function of planetary size and period, stellar brightness, and observing strategy options. Deviations from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-25 F. Matuszewski , N. Nettelmann , J. Cabrera , A. Börner , H. Rauer

As part of NASA's mission to explore habitable planets orbiting nearby stars, this paper explores the detection and characterization capabilities of a 4-m space telescope plus 50-m starshade located at the Earth-Sun L2 point, a.k.a. the New…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Margaret C. Turnbull , Tiffany Glassman , Aki Roberge , Webster Cash , Charley Noecker , Amy Lo , Brian Mason , Phil Oakley , John Bally

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) offers a unique opportunity to revolutionize our understanding of planetary formation and evolution. The goal of this Science Case Development Document (SCDD) is to investigate the physical and…

Following the recommendations to NASA and ESA, the search for life on exoplanets will be a priority in the next decades. Two direct imaging space mission concepts are being developed: the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) and the Large…

The discovery of a biosphere on another planet would transform how we view ourselves, and our planet Earth, in relation to the rest of the cosmos. We now know Earth is one planet among eight circling our sun; our sun is part of a swirling…

NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) will be the first space telescope capable of directly imaging Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars to probe their atmospheres for signs of life. Now in its early stages of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-30 Katie E. Painter , Brendan P. Bowler , Kyle Franson , Juliette C. Becker , Jennifer A. Burt

The next generation of space-based observatories will characterize the atmospheres of low-mass, temperate exoplanets with the direct-imaging technique. This will be a major step forward in our understanding of exoplanet diversity and the…

The planned NASA Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) flagship mission aims to image and spectroscopically characterise 25 Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of their stars. However, one giant planet in the habitable zone can ruin your…

Characterizing the surface and atmosphere of Earth-like planets in reflected light is a key goal for upcoming direct imaging surveys. NASA's next flagship-class astrophysics mission concept, the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO), is a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-27 Aiden S. Zelakiewicz , Elijah Mullens , Lisa Kaltenegger , Dmitry Savransky

We present a comprehensive multivariate statistical analysis of 517 exoplanets from the NASA Exoplanet Archive to identify potentially habitable worlds and quantify detection bias in current surveys. Using eight key parameters (planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-24 Caleb Traxler , Samuel Townsend , Abby Mori , Grace Newman , Kaitlyn Morenzone

The investigation of exoplanetary habitability is integral to advancing our knowledge of extraterrestrial life potential and detailing the environmental conditions of distant worlds. In this analysis, we explore the properties of exoplanets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-20 Jonathan H. Jiang , Philip E. Rosen , Christina X. Liu , Qianzhuang Wen , Yanbei Chen

Future direct imaging space telescopes, such as NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO), will be the first capable of both detecting and characterizing terrestrial exoplanets in the habitable zones (HZ) of nearby Sun-like stars. Since…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-28 Austin Ware , Patrick Young

The James Webb Space Telescope was not even launched yet when the Astro2020 Decadal Survey American report recommended the development of what is now called the Habitable World Observatory, also mentioned by the Voyage 2050 European report.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-27 Lucie Leboulleux

The Habitable Worlds Observatory will attempt to image Earth-sized planets in Habitable Zone orbits around nearby Sun-like stars. In this work we explore approximate analytic yield calculations for a future flagship direct imaging mission…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-05 Peter Plavchan , John E. Berberian , Stephen R Kane , Rhonda Morgan , Eliad Peretz , Sophia Economon

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO), NASA's next flagship science mission, follows in the tradition of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and other preceding great observatories. HWO will directly image and characterize Earth-like…

The search for technosignatures--remotely detectable evidence of extraterrestrial technology--draws upon examples from the recent history of Earth as well as projections of Earth's technosphere. Facilities like the Habitable Worlds…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Jacob Haqq-Misra , Ravi Kopparapu , George Profitiliotis

Among the many recommendations of the Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020, we found that a priority area of research is to pave the pathways towards finding and characterizing habitable worlds. In this context, we aim to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-13 Leonardo A. Dos Santos , Eric D. Lopez

The discovery of habitable exoplanets has long been a heated topic in astronomy. Traditional methods for exoplanet identification include the wobble method, direct imaging, gravitational microlensing, etc., which not only require a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-05 Yucheng Jin , Lanyi Yang , Chia-En Chiang