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Minimal-residual methods for PDEs with a residual in a dual space are non-trivial to guarantee stability. We present a minimal-residual finite element method in which the solution space is a standard finite element space, but neural…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Hamd Alsobhi , Emin Benny-Chacko , Ignacio Brevis , Kristoffer G. van der Zee

Solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) using neural networks presents different challenges, including integration errors and spectral bias, often leading to poor approximations. In addition, standard neural network-based methods,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Pablo Herrera , Jamie M. Taylor , Carlos Uriarte , Ignacio Muga , David Pardo , Kristoffer G. van der Zee

We propose an inexact Uzawa algorithm with two variable relaxation parameters for solving the generalized saddle-point system. The saddle-point problems can be found in a wide class of applications, such as the augmented Lagrangian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-08-26 Kazufumi Ito , Hua Xiang , Jun Zou

We propose an optimization-informed deep neural network approach, named iUzawa-Net, aiming for the first solver that enables real-time solutions for a class of nonsmooth optimal control problems of linear partial differential equations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Yongcun Song , Xiaoming Yuan , Hangrui Yue , Tianyou Zeng

In this work, we present a numerical solver for optimal control problems constrained by linear and semi-linear second-order elliptic PDEs. The approach is based on recasting the problem and includes an extension of Uzawa's algorithm to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-24 Charalambos G. Makridakis , Aaron Pim , Tristan Pryer

We introduce a deep learning-based framework for weakly enforcing boundary conditions in the numerical approximation of partial differential equations. Building on existing physics-informed neural network and deep Ritz methods, we propose…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-15 Charalambos G. Makridakis , Aaron Pim , Tristan Pryer

Residual minimization is a widely used technique for solving Partial Differential Equations in variational form. It minimizes the dual norm of the residual, which naturally yields a saddle-point (min-max) problem over the so-called trial…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-20 Carlos Uriarte , David Pardo , Ignacio Muga , Judit Muñoz-Matute

Saddle point problems have been attracting people's attention in recent years. To solve large and sparse saddle point problems, Uzawa type algorithms were proposed. The main contribution of this paper is to present a new Uzawa-exact type…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-20 Zhitao Xu , Ting Jiang , Li Gao

Recent focus on robustness to adversarial attacks for deep neural networks produced a large variety of algorithms for training robust models. Most of the effective algorithms involve solving the min-max optimization problem for training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Yasaman Esfandiari , Aditya Balu , Keivan Ebrahimi , Umesh Vaidya , Nicola Elia , Soumik Sarkar

We propose a neural network framework for solving stationary linear transport equations with inflow boundary conditions. The method represents the solution using a neural network and imposes the boundary condition via a Lagrange multiplier,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Charalambos Makridakis , Aaron Pim , Tristan Pryer , Nikolaos Rekatsinas

In this work, we present a novel iterative deep Ritz method (IDRM) for solving a general class of elliptic problems. It is inspired by the iterative procedure for minimizing the loss during the training of the neural network, but at each…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Tianhao Hu , Bangti Jin , Fengru Wang

With the growth of adversarial attacks against machine learning models, several concerns have emerged about potential vulnerabilities in designing deep neural network-based intrusion detection systems (IDS). In this paper, we study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Rana Abou Khamis , Omair Shafiq , Ashraf Matrawy

Recently, innovative adaptations of the Ritz Method incorporating deep learning have been developed, known as the Deep Ritz Method. This approach employs a neural network as the test function for variational problems. However, the neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Rafael Florencio , Julio Guerrero

In this paper, we extend the inexact Uzawa algorithm in [Q. Hu, J. Zou, SIAM J. Matrix Anal., 23(2001), pp. 317-338] to the nonsymmetric generalized saddle point problem. The techniques used here are similar to those in [Bramble \emph{et…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-08-26 Hailun Shen , Hua Xiang

We propose a deep learning based method, the Deep Ritz Method, for numerically solving variational problems, particularly the ones that arise from partial differential equations. The Deep Ritz method is naturally nonlinear, naturally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Weinan E , Bing Yu

We propose a unified iterative framework for the solution of frictionless mechanical contact problems, which relies exclusively on the solution of standard stiffness systems. The framework is built upon a two-step fixed-point algorithm:…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Daria Koliesnikova , Isabelle Ramière

The Uzawa algorithm is an iterative method for the solution of saddle-point problems, which arise in many applications, including fluid dynamics. Viewing the Uzawa algorithm as a fixed- point iteration, we explore the use of Anderson…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-05-24 Nguyenho Ho , Sarah D. Olson , Homer F. Walker

We consider a weak adversarial network approach to numerically solve a class of inverse problems, including electrical impedance tomography and dynamic electrical impedance tomography problems. We leverage the weak formulation of PDE in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-02 Gang Bao , Xiaojing Ye , Yaohua Zang , Haomin Zhou

This paper focuses on proposing a deep learning initialized iterative method (Int-Deep) for low-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). The corresponding framework consists of two phases. In the first phase, an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-26 Jianguo Huang , Haoqin Wang , Haizhao Yang

We introduce an adaptive sampling method for the Deep Ritz method aimed at solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Two deep neural networks are used. One network is employed to approximate the solution of PDEs, while the other one is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Xiaoliang Wan , Tao Zhou , Yuancheng Zhou
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