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Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has emerged as a pivotal technology for next-generation wireless networks, enabling simultaneous data transmission and environmental sensing. However, existing ISAC systems face fundamental…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-18 Amirhossein Taherpour , Abbas Taherpour , Tamer Khattab

We present a physically consistent multiport framework for stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) with linear and explicit nonlinear terminations. The model provides closed-form input--output relations in the linear case and fixed-point…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Andrea Abrardo , Alberto Toccafondi

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) facilitate computation by cascaded programmable layers so that part of the signal processing can be performed in the wave domain during signal propagation, rather than solely after reception. This…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Mengbing Liu , Chau Yuen , Dusit Niyato , Bruno Clerckx , Lajos Hanzo

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have recently emerged as a key enabler for realizing electromagnetic wave-domain signal processing in next-generation wireless networks. However, practical SIM implementations often suffer from…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Xing Jia , Hao Liu , Haoxian Niu , Jinbao Li , Xiangyu Ding , Lu Gan

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) represent a breakthrough in wireless hardware by comprising multilayer, programmable metasurfaces capable of analog computing in the electromagnetic (EM) wave domain. By examining their architectural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Hetong Wang , Yashuai Cao , Tiejun Lv

The integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) into future wireless communication systems offers promising capabilities in dynamic environment shaping and spectrum efficiency. In this work, we present a consistent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Ivan Iudice , Giacinto Gelli , Donatella Darsena

Intelligent metasurfaces may be harnessed for realizing efficient holographic multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems, at a low hardware-cost and high energy-efficiency. As part of this family, we propose a hybrid beamforming…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Chao Xu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Lajos Hanzo

Next-generation wireless networks are expected to utilize the limited radio frequency (RF) resources more efficiently with the aid of intelligent transceivers. To this end, we propose a promising transceiver architecture relying on stacked…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Chao Xu , Hongbin Li , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Marco Di Renzo , Mérouane Debbah , Lajos Hanzo

A novel technology based on stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) has recently emerged. This platform involves cascading multiple metasurfaces, each acting as a digitally programmable physical layer within a diffractive neural network. SIM…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-06 Donatella Darsena , Francesco Verde , Ivan Iudice , Vincenzo Galdi

This paper investigates a Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIM)-assisted Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) system. An extended target model is considered, where the BS aims to estimate the complete target response matrix…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Ziqing Wang , Hongzheng Liu , Jianan Zhang , Rujing Xiong , Kai Wan , Xuewen Qian , Marco Di Renzo , Robert Caiming Qiu

Intelligent surfaces represent a breakthrough technology capable of customizing the wireless channel cost-effectively. However, the existing works generally focus on planar wavefront, neglecting near-field spherical wavefront…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Xing Jia , Jiancheng An , Hao Liu , Lu Gan , Marco Di Renzo , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs), composed of multiple layers of reconfigurable transmissive metasurfaces, are gaining prominence as a transformative technology for future wireless communication security. This paper investigates the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Enyu Shi , Yiyang Zhu , Jiayi Zhang , Ziheng Liu , Jiakang Zheng , Jiancheng An , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Bo Ai , Chau Yuen

The stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) emerges as an innovative technology with the ability to directly manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wave signals, drawing parallels to the operational principles of artificial neural networks (ANN).…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-26 Xiaolei Yang , Jiayi Zhang , Enyu Shi , Ziheng Liu , Jun Liu , Kang Zheng , Bo Ai

This paper proposes a transmit beamforming strategy for the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems enabled by the novel stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) architecture, where the base station (BS) simultaneously performs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Shunyu Li , Fan Zhang , Tianqi Mao , Rui Na , Zhaocheng Wang , George K. Karagiannidis

Semantic communications (SemCom) is a promising paradigm that prioritizes the transmission of task-relevant information, thereby enabling superior communication efficiency over traditional bit-centric systems. However, most existing SemCom…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jinbao Li , Jiancheng An , Hao Liu , Lu Gan , Victor C. M. Leung , Mehdi Bennis , Mérouane Debbah

Leveraging the multilayer realization of programmable metasurfaces, stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) enable fine-grained wave-domain control. However, their wideband deployment is impeded by two structural factors: (i) a single,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Zheao Li , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs), which integrate multiple programmable metasurface layers, have recently emerged as a promising technology for advanced wave-domain signal processing. SIMs benefit from flexible spatial…

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM), which consists of multiple layers of intelligent metasurfaces, is emerging as a promising solution for future wireless communication systems. In this timely context, we focus on broadcast…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Nemanja Stefan Perović , Eduard E. Bahingayi , Le-Nam Tran

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems have gained increasing attention as a crucial supplement to terrestrial wireless networks due to their extensive coverage area. This letter presents a novel system design for LEO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shining Lin , Jiancheng An , Lu Gan , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

We consider stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) as a tool to improve the performance of bistatic integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) schemes. To that end, we optimize the SIMs and design a radar parameter estimation (RPE)…