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Ontologies are useful for automatic machine processing of domain knowledge as they represent it in a structured format. Yet, constructing ontologies requires substantial manual effort. To automate part of this process, large language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Andy Lo , Albert Q. Jiang , Wenda Li , Mateja Jamnik

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, yet their ability to process structured symbolic knowledge remains underexplored. To address this gap, we propose a taxonomy of ontological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Xiao Zhang , Huiyuan Lai , Qianru Meng , Johan Bos

Ontologies of research topics are crucial for structuring scientific knowledge, enabling scientists to navigate vast amounts of research, and forming the backbone of intelligent systems such as search engines and recommendation systems.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Tanay Aggarwal , Angelo Salatino , Francesco Osborne , Enrico Motta

The ontology engineering process is complex, time-consuming, and error-prone, even for experienced ontology engineers. In this work, we investigate the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to provide effective OWL ontology drafts…

Ontologies provide formal representation of knowledge shared within Semantic Web applications. Ontology learning involves the construction of ontologies from a given corpus. In the past years, ontology learning has traversed through shallow…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Rick Du , Huilong An , Keyu Wang , Weidong Liu

Ontology alignment, a critical process in the Semantic Web for detecting relationships between different ontologies, has traditionally focused on identifying so-called "simple" 1-to-1 relationships through class labels and properties…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Reihaneh Amini , Sanaz Saki Norouzi , Pascal Hitzler , Reza Amini

Ontology Matching (OM), is a critical task in knowledge integration, where aligning heterogeneous ontologies facilitates data interoperability and knowledge sharing. Traditional OM systems often rely on expert knowledge or predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Hamed Babaei Giglou , Jennifer D'Souza , Felix Engel , Sören Auer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant potential for ontology engineering. However, it is still unclear to what extent they are applicable to the task of domain-specific ontology generation. In this study, we explore the…

Having a unified, coherent taxonomy is essential for effective knowledge representation in domain-specific applications as diverse terminologies need to be mapped to underlying concepts. Traditional manual approaches to taxonomy alignment…

Ontology evaluation through functional requirements, such as testing via competency question (CQ) verification, is a well-established yet costly, labour-intensive, and error-prone endeavour, even for ontology engineering experts. In this…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various components of Ontology Matching pipelines. This paper investigates the capability of LLMs to perform ontology matching directly on ontology modules and generate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guilherme Sousa , Rinaldo Lima , Cassia Trojahn

Ontologies often lack explicit disjointness declarations between classes, despite their usefulness for sophisticated reasoning and consistency checking in Knowledge Graphs. In this study, we explore the potential of Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Elias Crum , Antonio De Santis , Manon Ovide , Jiaxin Pan , Alessia Pisu , Nicolas Lazzari , Sebastian Rudolph

Large Language Models are increasingly deployed as educational tools, yet existing benchmarks focus on narrow skills and lack grounding in learning sciences. We introduce OpenLearnLM Benchmark, a theory-grounded framework evaluating LLMs…

Ontologies are essential for structuring domain knowledge, improving accessibility, sharing, and reuse. However, traditional ontology construction relies on manual annotation and conventional natural language processing (NLP) techniques,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Liu , Ziyu Li , Mu He , Ziyang Ma , Xiaoxu Wu , Gizem Yilmaz , Yiyuan Xia , Bingbing Li , He Tan , Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh , Wen Feng Lu , Anders E. W. Jarfors , Per Jansson

Existing domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically developed by fine-tuning general-purposed LLMs with large-scale domain-specific corpora. However, training on large-scale corpora often fails to effectively organize domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhiqiang Liu , Chengtao Gan , Junjie Wang , Yichi Zhang , Zhongpu Bo , Mengshu Sun , Huajun Chen , Wen Zhang

Background. Endowing intelligent systems with semantic data commonly requires designing and instantiating ontologies with domain-specific knowledge. Especially in the early phases, those activities are typically performed manually by human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Giovanni Ciatto , Andrea Agiollo , Matteo Magnini , Andrea Omicini

Ontology revision aims to seamlessly incorporate a new ontology into an existing ontology and plays a crucial role in tasks such as ontology evolution, ontology maintenance, and ontology alignment. Similar to repair single ontologies,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Qiu Ji , Guilin Qi , Yuxin Ye , Jiaye Li , Site Li , Jianjie Ren , Songtao Lu

Phonology, the study of speech's structure and pronunciation rules, is a critical yet often overlooked component in Large Language Model (LLM) research. LLMs are widely used in various downstream applications that leverage phonology such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Ashima Suvarna , Harshita Khandelwal , Nanyun Peng

Ontologies are known to improve the accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) when translating natural language queries into a formal query language like SQL or SPARQL. There are two ways to leverage ontologies when working with LLMs. One is…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-10-15 C. Civili , E. Sherkhonov , R. E. K. Stirewalt

This paper explores the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 into the ontology refinement process, specifically focusing on the OntoClean methodology. OntoClean, critical for assessing the metaphysical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yihang Zhao , Neil Vetter , Kaveh Aryan
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