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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional progress in multiple domains of software engineering including software vulnerability detection. Using LLMs to automate vulnerability detection in the wild is an important and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rijha Safdar , Danyail Mateen , Syed Taha Ali , Wajahat Hussain

The growing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into critical societal domains has raised concerns about embedded biases that can perpetuate stereotypes and undermine fairness. Such biases may stem from historical inequalities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Riccardo Cantini , Alessio Orsino , Massimo Ruggiero , Domenico Talia

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in adapting to various tasks when provided with task-specific instructions. However, LLMs using standard decoding strategies often struggle with deviations from the inputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Jinliang Lu , Chen Wang , Jiajun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in high-stakes settings, where overconfident responses can mislead users. Reliable confidence estimation has been shown to enhance trust and task accuracy. Yet existing methods face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Linwei Tao , Yi-Fan Yeh , Bo Kai , Minjing Dong , Tao Huang , Tom A. Lamb , Jialin Yu , Philip H. S. Torr , Chang Xu

In this paper, we introduce the BeaverTails dataset, aimed at fostering research on safety alignment in large language models (LLMs). This dataset uniquely separates annotations of helpfulness and harmlessness for question-answering pairs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Jiaming Ji , Mickel Liu , Juntao Dai , Xuehai Pan , Chi Zhang , Ce Bian , Chi Zhang , Ruiyang Sun , Yizhou Wang , Yaodong Yang

Previous works on Large Language Models (LLMs) have mainly focused on evaluating their helpfulness or harmlessness. However, honesty, another crucial alignment criterion, has received relatively less attention. Dishonest behaviors in LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Steffi Chern , Zhulin Hu , Yuqing Yang , Ethan Chern , Yuan Guo , Jiahe Jin , Binjie Wang , Pengfei Liu

As software grows in complexity to accommodate diverse features and platforms, software bloating has emerged as a significant challenge, adversely affecting performance and security. However, existing approaches inadequately address the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Yihao Qin , Liqian Chen , Xiaoguang Mao

Large language models (LLMs) are often assumed to contain ``safety regions'' -- parameter subsets whose modification directly influences safety behaviors. We conduct a systematic evaluation of four safety region identification methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Zongmin Li , Jian Su , Farah Benamara , Aixin Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) with chain-of-thought generation have demonstrated great potential for solving complex reasoning and planning tasks. However, the output of current LLMs is not fully reliable and needs careful verification. Even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maria-Florina Balcan , Avrim Blum , Kiriaki Fragkia , Zhiyuan Li , Dravyansh Sharma

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked concerns over their potential to acquire and misuse dangerous or high-risk capabilities, posing frontier risks. Current safety evaluations primarily test for what a model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Shayan Shabihi , Alex McAvoy , Vikash Sehwag , Yuancheng Xu , Dalton Towers , Furong Huang

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP), including content generation, human-computer interaction, machine translation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Songyang Liu , Chaozhuo Li , Jiameng Qiu , Xi Zhang , Feiran Huang , Litian Zhang , Yiming Hei , Philip S. Yu

In this paper, we address the problem of speaker verification in conditions unseen or unknown during development. A standard method for speaker verification consists of extracting speaker embeddings with a deep neural network and processing…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Luciana Ferrer , Mitchell McLaren , Niko Brummer

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) expand jailbreak risks from token-level prompting to the full speech perception-to-reasoning pipeline, where unsafe behavior can be induced through semantics, acoustic style, signal artifacts, or internal…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Bo-Han Feng , Yu-Hsuan Li Liang , Chien-Feng Liu , You-Hsuan Chang , Yun-Nung Chen

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have led to their widespread usage for various tasks. The prevalence of LLMs in society implores the assurance on the reliability of their performance. In particular, risk-sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Catherine Yu-Chi Chen , Jingyan Shen , Zhun Deng , Lihua Lei

We introduce time-to-unsafe-sampling, a novel safety measure for generative models, defined as the number of generations required by a large language model (LLM) to trigger an unsafe (e.g., toxic) response. While providing a new dimension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hen Davidov , Shai Feldman , Gilad Freidkin , Yaniv Romano

With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), new and hard-to-predict harmful capabilities are emerging. This requires developers to be able to identify risks through the evaluation of "dangerous capabilities" in order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yuxia Wang , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

Recent multi-modal Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o have demonstrated strong capabilities of direct speech interaction. However, the lack of specialized and comprehensive benchmarks for end-to-end speech LLM evaluation hinders…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Linhao Zhang , Jian Zhang , Bokai Lei , Chuhan Wu , Aiwei Liu , Wei Jia , Xiao Zhou

The widespread adoption of web applications has made their security a critical concern and has increased the need for systematic ways to assess whether they can be considered trustworthy. However, "trust" assessment remains an open problem…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Oleksandr Yarotskyi , José D'Abruzzo Pereira , João R. Campos

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive mathematical reasoning abilities, but their solutions frequently contain errors that cannot be automatically checked. Formal theorem proving systems such as Lean 4 offer automated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sumanth Varambally , Thomas Voice , Yanchao Sun , Zhifeng Chen , Rose Yu , Ke Ye

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate requirements specifications, design documents, code, and test cases. In contrast, much less attention has been given to a more difficult assurance problem: statically verifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhi Quan Zhou , Dave Towey , Tsong Yueh Chen
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