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This paper summarizes and evaluates various approaches, methods, and techniques for pursuing fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) systems. It examines the merits and shortcomings of these measures and proposes practical guidelines for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Arash Bateni , Matthew C. Chan , Ray Eitel-Porter

AI agents are increasingly deployed and used to make automated decisions that affect our lives on a daily basis. It is imperative to ensure that these systems embed ethical principles and respect human values. We focus on how we can attest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Xavier Ferrer Aran , Jose M. Such , Natalia Criado

In this paper, we elaborate on how AI can support diversity and inclusion and exemplify research projects conducted in that direction. We start by looking at the challenges and progress in making large language models (LLMs) more…

The debate around bias in AI systems is central to discussions on algorithmic fairness. However, the term bias often lacks a clear definition, despite frequently being contrasted with fairness, implying that an unbiased model is inherently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chiara Lindloff , Ingo Siegert

Modern software relies heavily on data and machine learning, and affects decisions that shape our world. Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that because of biases in data, software systems frequently inject bias into their decisions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Brittany Johnson , Jesse Bartola , Rico Angell , Katherine Keith , Sam Witty , Stephen J. Giguere , Yuriy Brun

Machine learning models are central to people's lives and impact society in ways as fundamental as determining how people access information. The gravity of these models imparts a responsibility to model developers to ensure that they are…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-13 Cyrus DiCiccio , Sriram Vasudevan , Kinjal Basu , Krishnaram Kenthapadi , Deepak Agarwal

Equity Bias is a philosophical and practical framework for building smarter, more equitable AI systems. Grounded in hermeneutic philosophy and epistemic injustice theory, it treats bias not as an error to eliminate but as a reflection of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Mary Lockwood

Speech technologies are deployed in high-stakes settings, yet fairness concerns remain fragmented across tasks and disciplines. Existing surveys either adopt a general machine-learning perspective that overlooks speech-specific properties…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Yi-Cheng Lin , Yun-Shao Tsai , Kuan-Yu Chen , Hsiao-Ying Huang , Huang-Cheng Chou , Hung-yi Lee

The increasing use of generative AI for resume screening is predicated on the assumption that it offers an unbiased alternative to biased human decision-making. However, this belief fails to address a critical question: are these AI systems…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Kevin T Webster

With the widespread and pervasive use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for automated decision-making systems, AI bias is becoming more apparent and problematic. One of its negative consequences is discrimination: the unfair, or unequal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Xavier Ferrer , Tom van Nuenen , Jose M. Such , Mark Coté , Natalia Criado

Context: This study explores how software professionals identify and address biases in AI systems within the software industry, focusing on practical knowledge and real-world applications. Goal: We aimed to understand the strategies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Luiz Fernando de Lima , Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Rodrigo Spinola

Successful deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in various settings has led to numerous positive outcomes for individuals and society. However, AI systems have also been shown to harm parts of the population due to biased predictions.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Ondrej Bohdal , Timothy Hospedales , Philip H. S. Torr , Fazl Barez

Fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) prediction models is increasingly emphasized to support responsible adoption in high-stakes domains such as health care and criminal justice. Guidelines and implementation frameworks highlight the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Yilin Ning , Yian Ma , Mingxuan Liu , Xin Li , Nan Liu

Heuristics and cognitive biases are an integral part of human decision-making. Automatically detecting a particular cognitive bias could enable intelligent tools to provide better decision-support. Detecting the presence of a cognitive bias…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Stephen Pilli

Today, AI is increasingly being used in many high-stakes decision-making applications in which fairness is an important concern. Already, there are many examples of AI being biased and making questionable and unfair decisions. The AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Yunfeng Zhang , Rachel K. E. Bellamy , Kush R. Varshney

This paper stresses the importance of biases in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) in two regards. First, in order to foster efficient algorithmic decision-making in complex, unstable, and uncertain real-world environments, we argue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Sarah Fabi , Thilo Hagendorff

As AI becomes prevalent in high-risk domains and decision-making, it is essential to test for potential harms and biases. This urgency is reflected by the global emergence of AI regulations that emphasise fairness and adequate testing, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Varsha Ramineni , Hossein A. Rahmani , Emine Yilmaz , David Barber

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in areas that significantly impact human lives, concerns about fairness and transparency have grown, especially regarding their impact on protected groups. Recently, the intersection of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Vasiliki Papanikou , Danae Pla Karidi , Evaggelia Pitoura , Emmanouil Panagiotou , Eirini Ntoutsi

Software fairness testing is a central method for evaluating AI systems, yet the meaning of fairness is often treated as fixed and universally applicable. This vision paper positions fairness testing as culturally situated and examines the…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is at the forefront of modern technology, and its effects are felt in many areas of society. To prevent algorithmic disparities, fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics (FATE) in AI are being…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Isa Inuwa-Dutse