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Autoraters, also referred to as LLM-as-judges, are increasingly used for evaluation and automated content moderation. However, there is limited statistical analysis of how modifications in a rubric presented to both humans and autoraters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jessica Huynh , Alfredo Gomez , Athiya Deviyani , Renee Shelby , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Fernando Diaz

Topic relevance between query and document is a very important part of social search, which can evaluate the degree of matching between document and user's requirement. In most social search scenarios such as Dianping, modeling search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yizhu Liu , Ran Tao , Shengyu Guo , Yifan Yang

The Cranfield paradigm has served as a foundational approach for developing test collections, with relevance judgments typically conducted by human assessors. However, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has introduced new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Gabriel de Jesus , Sérgio Nunes

To reduce the need for human annotations, large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as judges of the quality of other candidate models. The performance of LLM judges is typically evaluated by measuring the correlation with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Andreas Stephan , Dawei Zhu , Matthias Aßenmacher , Xiaoyu Shen , Benjamin Roth

Despite the rapid growth of context length of large language models (LLMs) , LLMs still perform poorly in long document summarization. An important reason for this is that relevant information about an event is scattered throughout long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Taiji Li , Hao Chen , Fei Yu , Yin Zhang

Code summarization facilitates program comprehension and software maintenance by converting code snippets into natural-language descriptions. Over the years, numerous methods have been developed for this task, but a key challenge remains:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yang Wu , Yao Wan , Zhaoyang Chu , Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Hongyu Zhang , Xuanhua Shi , Philip S. Yu

As more content generated by large language models (LLMs) floods into the Internet, information retrieval (IR) systems now face the challenge of distinguishing and handling a blend of human-authored and machine-generated texts. Recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Wei Huang , Keping Bi , Yinqiong Cai , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

LLM-based relevance judgment generation has become a crucial approach in advancing evaluation methodologies in Information Retrieval (IR). It has progressed significantly, often showing high correlation with human judgments as reflected in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Mouly Dewan , Jiqun Liu , Chirag Shah

Online reviews play a pivotal role in influencing consumer decisions across various domains, from purchasing products to selecting hotels or restaurants. However, the sheer volume of reviews -- often containing repetitive or irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Mir Tafseer Nayeem , Davood Rafiei

Automatic summarization of legal case judgements, which are known to be long and complex, has traditionally been tried via extractive summarization models. In recent years, generative models including abstractive summarization models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Aniket Deroy , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Saptarshi Ghosh

The study of IR evaluation metrics through axiomatic analysis enables a better understanding of their numerical properties. Some works have modelled the effectiveness of retrieval metrics with axioms that capture desirable properties on the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Fernando Giner

The zero-shot capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled highly flexible, reference-free metrics for various tasks, making LLM evaluators common tools in NLP. However, the robustness of these LLM evaluators remains relatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Rickard Stureborg , Dimitris Alikaniotis , Yoshi Suhara

In this chapter, we consider generative information retrieval evaluation from two distinct but interrelated perspectives. First, large language models (LLMs) themselves are rapidly becoming tools for evaluation, with current research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Marwah Alaofi , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke , Mark Sanderson

While large language models (LLMs) have been used for automated grading, they have not yet achieved the same level of performance as humans, especially when it comes to grading complex questions. Existing research on this topic focuses on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Wenjing Xie , Juxin Niu , Chun Jason Xue , Nan Guan

Memory-efficient large language models are good at refining text input for better readability. However, controllability is a matter of concern when it comes to text generation tasks with long inputs, such as multi-document summarization. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Litton J Kurisinkel , Nancy F chen

Accurate query-product relevance labeling is indispensable to generate ground truth dataset for search ranking in e-commerce. Traditional approaches for annotating query-product pairs rely on human-based labeling services, which is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jayant Sachdev , Sean D Rosario , Abhijeet Phatak , He Wen , Swati Kirti , Chittaranjan Tripathy

Evaluating the quality of arguments is a crucial aspect of any system leveraging argument mining. However, it is a challenge to obtain reliable and consistent annotations regarding argument quality, as this usually requires domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Nailia Mirzakhmedova , Marcel Gohsen , Chia Hao Chang , Benno Stein

Recent advances in test-time scaling have shown promising results in improving Large Language Model (LLM) performance through strategic computation allocation during inference. While this approach has demonstrated strong improvements in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Juntai Cao , Xiang Zhang , Raymond Li , Chuyuan Li , Chenyu You , Shafiq Joty , Giuseppe Carenini

Large language models (LLMs) are incredible and versatile tools for text-based tasks that have enabled countless, previously unimaginable, applications. Retrieval models, in contrast, have not yet seen such capable general-purpose models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Julian Killingback , Hamed Zamani

With the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), new methods in Information Retrieval are available in which relevance is estimated directly through language understanding and reasoning, instead of embedding similarity. We argue that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Matei Benescu , Ivo Pascal de Jong
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