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Despite their strong performance on reasoning tasks, large reasoning models (LRMs) often suffer from overthinking, producing unnecessarily long outputs and incurring high end-to-end latency, a significant limitation to their real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Rubing Yang , Huajun Bai , Song Liu , Guanghua Yu , Runzhi Fan , Yanbin Dang , Jiejing Zhang , Kai Liu , Jianchen Zhu , Peng Chen

Large Reasoning Language Models (LRLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities on complex tasks by utilizing long Chain-of-Thought reasoning. However, they are prone to overthinking, which generates redundant reasoning steps that degrade both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Weixin Guan , Liang Li , Jiapeng Liu , Bing Li , Peng Fu , Chengyang Fang , Xiaoshuai Hao , Can Ma , Weiping Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in reasoning tasks. However, LLMs tend to generate excessively long reasoning content, leading to significant computational overhead. Our observations indicate that even on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Guochao Jiang , Guofeng Quan , Zepeng Ding , Ziqin Luo , Dixuan Wang , Zheng Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on complex reasoning tasks using techniques such as chain-of-thought and self-consistency. However, ensemble-based approaches, especially self-consistency which relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Qinglin Zeng , Jing Yang , Keze Wang

Recent advances in large reasoning language models (LRLMs) rely on test-time scaling, which extends long chain-of-thought (CoT) generation to solve complex tasks. However, overthinking in long CoT not only slows down the efficiency of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chenxu Yang , Qingyi Si , Yongjie Duan , Zheliang Zhu , Chenyu Zhu , Qiaowei Li , Minghui Chen , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang

In Large Language Model (LLM) inference, early-exit refers to stopping computation at an intermediate layer once the prediction is sufficiently confident, thereby reducing latency and cost. However, recent LLMs adopt improved pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rui Wei , Rui Du , Hanfei Yu , Devesh Tiwari , Jian Li , Zhaozhuo Xu , Hao Wang

While LLMs have seen substantial improvement in reasoning capabilities, they also sometimes overthink, generating unnecessary reasoning steps, particularly under uncertainty, given ill-posed or ambiguous queries. We introduce statistically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yangxinyu Xie , Tao Wang , Soham Mallick , Yan Sun , Georgy Noarov , Mengxin Yu , Tanwi Mallick , Weijie J. Su , Edgar Dobriban

Early-Exit (EE) is a Large Language Model (LLM) architecture that accelerates inference by allowing easier tokens to be generated using only a subset of the model's layers. However, traditional batching frameworks are ill-suited for EE…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xuting Liu , Daniel Alexander , Siva Kesava Reddy Kakarla , Behnaz Arzani , Vincent Liu

Large language models have achieved remarkable capabilities, but their practical deployment is hindered by significant computational costs. While adaptive computation methods like early-exiting promise to reduce these costs, they introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sangmin Bae

Intermediate-layer predictions in large language models (LLMs) are informative but hard to decode accurately, especially at early layers. Existing lens-style methods typically rely on direct linear readout, which is simple but often drifts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ming Ma , Bowen Zheng , Zhongqiao Lin , Tianming Yang

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs) explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps prior to generating final answers, helping the model excel in complex problem-solving. In this paper, we demonstrate that this emerging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Jiachen T. Wang , G. Edward Suh , Prateek Mittal

This paper presents a modular approach to accelerate inference in large language models (LLMs) by adding early exit heads at intermediate transformer layers. Each head is trained in a self-supervised manner to mimic the main model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Florian Valade

Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks but typically generate lengthy sequential chains-of-thought, resulting in long inference times before arriving at the final answer. To address this challenge, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Emil Biju , Shayan Talaei , Zhemin Huang , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Azalia Mirhoseini , Amin Saberi

Deploying Machine learning (ML) on milliwatt-scale edge devices (tinyML) is gaining popularity due to recent breakthroughs in ML and Internet of Things (IoT). Most tinyML research focuses on model compression techniques that trade accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Nikhil P Ghanathe , Steve Wilton

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance by generating long chains of thought (CoT), but often overthink, continuing to reason after a solution has already stabilized and thereby wasting tokens and increasing latency.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Dehai Min , Giovanni Vaccarino , Huiyi Chen , Yongliang Wu , Gal Yona , Lu Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide variety of natural language tasks; however, their large size makes their inference slow and computationally expensive. Focusing on this problem, we propose to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Neeraj Varshney , Agneet Chatterjee , Mihir Parmar , Chitta Baral

Large reasoning models that use long chain-of-thought excel at problem-solving yet waste compute on redundant checks. Curbing this overthinking is hard: training-time length penalties can cripple ability, while inference-time early-exit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Benteng Chen , Weida Wang , Shufei Zhang , Mingbao Lin , Min Zhang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) often suffer from \emph{overthinking}, a phenomenon in which redundant reasoning steps are generated after a correct solution has already been reached. Existing early reasoning exit methods primarily rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Kang Liu , Yongkang Liu , Xiaocui Yang , Peidong Wang , Wen Zhang , Shi Feng , Yifei Zhang , Daling Wang

Reasoning LLMs show improved performance with longer chains of thought. However, recent work has highlighted their tendency to overthink, continuing to revise answers even after reaching the correct solution. We quantitatively confirm this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Xi Wang , James McInerney , Lequn Wang , Nathan Kallus

The long chain-of-thought (LongCoT) capability is central to the recent breakthroughs achieved by large language models in complex reasoning tasks. However, the accompanying issue of ''underthinking'', where models exhibit shallow reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xichen Zhang , Sitong Wu , Haoru Tan , Shaozuo Yu , Yinghao Zhu , Ziyi He , Jiaya Jia
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