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The intestinal microbiota plays important roles in digestion and resistance against entero-pathogens. As with other ecosystems, its species composition is resilient against small disturbances but strong perturbations such as antibiotics can…

This paper studies the advance-purchase game when a consumer has belief-based loss-averse preferences, introducing a novel perspective by incorporating reference updating. It demonstrates that loss aversion increases the consumer's…

What impact does import competition have on firms' production organizational choices? Existing literature has predominantly focused on the relationship between import competition and firms' global production networks, with less attention…

The influence of competition and additional food on prey-predator dynamics has attracted considerable interest from mathematical biology researchers in recent times. In this study, we consider an additional food provided prey-predator model…

We investigate the classical two species ODE and PDE Lotka-Volterra competition models, where one of the competitors could potentially go extinct in finite time. We show that in this setting, classical theories and intuitions do not hold,…

This work attempts to address adversarial robustness of deep networks by means of novel learning arguments. Specifically, inspired from results in neuroscience, we propose a local competition principle as a means of adversarially-robust…

This paper examines whether widely used online learning algorithms in pricing can independently reach competitive outcomes or instead foster tacit collusion. This issue has drawn considerable attention from competition regulators as…

We give an new proof of the well-known competitive exclusion principle in the chemostat model with $n$ species competing for a single resource, for any set of increasing growth functions. The proof is constructed by induction on the number…

Contextual ranking models based on BERT are now well established for a wide range of passage and document ranking tasks. However, the robustness of BERT-based ranking models under adversarial inputs is under-explored. In this paper, we…

We study competitive equilibrium in the canonical Fisher market model, but with indivisible goods. In this model, every agent has a budget of artificial currency with which to purchase bundles of goods. Equilibrium prices match between…

We begin by formulating and characterizing a dominance criterion for prize sequences: $x$ dominates $y$ if any impatient agent prefers $x$ to $y$. With this in hand, we define a notion of comparative patience. Alice is more patient than Bob…

Competition for available resources is natural amongst coexisting species, and the fittest contenders dominate over the rest in evolution. The dynamics of this selection is studied using a simple linear model. It has similarities to…

We propose a fresh `meta-game' perspective on the problem of algorithmic collusion in pricing games a la Bertrand. Economists have interpreted the fact that algorithms can learn to price collusively as tacit collusion. We argue instead that…

There has been substantial recent concern that pricing algorithms might learn to ``collude.'' Supra-competitive prices can emerge as a Nash equilibrium of repeated pricing games, in which sellers play strategies which threaten to punish…

Deep Neural Networks have taken Natural Language Processing by storm. While this led to incredible improvements across many tasks, it also initiated a new research field, questioning the robustness of these neural networks by attacking…

We embed observational learning (BHW) in a symmetric duopoly with random arrivals and search frictions. With fixed posted prices, a mixed-strategy pricing equilibrium exists and yields price dispersion even with ex-ante identical firms. We…

We study the interaction between strategy, heterogeneity and growth in a two-agent model of capital accumulation. Preferences are represented by recursive utility functions with decreasing marginal impatience. The stationary equilibria of…

Human decision-making differs due to variation in both incentives and available information. This constitutes a substantial challenge for the evaluation of whether and how machine learning predictions can improve decision outcomes. We…

Cooperation is the backbone of modern human societies, making it a priority to understand how successful cooperation-sustaining mechanisms operate. Cyclic dominance, a non-transitive setup comprising at least three strategies wherein the…

We analyse 'stop-and-go' containment policies that produce infection cycles as periods of tight lockdowns are followed by periods of falling infection rates. The subsequent relaxation of containment measures allows cases to increase again…