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With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various applications, it is empirical to ensure their fairness across all user communities. However, most LLMs are trained and evaluated on Western centric data, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Abdullah Hashmat , Muhammad Arham Mirza , Agha Ali Raza

As artificial intelligence systems increasingly mediate consumer information discovery, brands face algorithmic invisibility. This study investigates Cultural Encoding in Large Language Models (LLMs) -- systematic differences in brand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Huang Junyao , Situ Ruimin , Ye Renqin

Much work on the cultural awareness of large language models (LLMs) focuses on the models' sensitivity to geo-cultural diversity. However, in addition to cross-cultural differences, there also exists common ground across cultures. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Jialin Li , Junli Wang , Junjie Hu , Ming Jiang

Culture shapes reasoning, values, prioritization, and strategic decision-making, yet large language models (LLMs) often exhibit cultural biases that misalign with target populations. As LLMs are increasingly used for strategic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Maksim Eren , Eric Michalak , Brian Cook , Johnny Seales

Large language models (LLMs) may not equitably represent diverse global perspectives on societal issues. In this paper, we develop a quantitative framework to evaluate whose opinions model-generated responses are more similar to. We first…

As AI systems become more advanced, ensuring their alignment with a diverse range of individuals and societal values becomes increasingly critical. But how can we capture fundamental human values and assess the degree to which AI systems…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Hua Shen , Tiffany Knearem , Reshmi Ghosh , Yu-Ju Yang , Nicholas Clark , Tanushree Mitra , Yun Huang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent in tasks related to cultural heritage, such as generating descriptions of historical monuments, translating ancient texts, preserving oral traditions, and creating educational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Fan Bu , Zheng Wang , Siyi Wang , Ziyao Liu

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) align with mainstream human values and ethical norms is crucial for the safe and sustainable development of AI. Current value evaluation and alignment are constrained by Western cultural bias and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Ping Wu , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yuwei Wang , Yiting Dong , Yu Shi , Enmeng Lu , Feifei Zhao , Yi Zeng

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to model a student's learning state over time and predict their future performance. However, traditional KT methods often face challenges in explainability, scalability, and effective modeling of complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Runze Li , Siyu Wu , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently gained attention due to their distinctive performance and broad applicability. While it has been previously shown that their efficacy in usage scenarios involving non-Western contexts falls…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Florian Schneider , Carolin Holtermann , Chris Biemann , Anne Lauscher

Qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews plays a central role in ethnographic and economic research by uncovering individuals' values, motivations, and culturally embedded financial behaviors. While large language models (LLMs) offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Arina Kostina , Marios Dikaiakos , Alejandro Porcel , Tassos Stassopoulos

The burgeoning influence of Large Language Models (LLMs) in shaping public discourse and decision-making underscores the imperative to address inherent biases within these AI systems. In the wake of AI's expansive integration across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Malur Narayan , John Pasmore , Elton Sampaio , Vijay Raghavan , Gabriella Waters

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) raises concerns regarding their cultural misalignment and potential ramifications on individuals and societies with diverse cultural backgrounds. While the discourse has focused mainly on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Reem I. Masoud , Ziquan Liu , Martin Ferianc , Philip Treleaven , Miguel Rodrigues

Numerous recent studies have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are biased towards a Western and Anglo-centric worldview, which compromises their usefulness in non-Western cultural settings. However, "culture" is a complex,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Sougata Saha , Saurabh Kumar Pandey , Monojit Choudhury

Evaluating how Large Language Models (LLMs) handle complex, specialized knowledge remains a critical challenge. We address this through the lens of climate change by introducing CLINB, a benchmark that assesses models on open-ended,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherently reflect the vast data distributions they encounter during their pre-training phase. As this data is predominantly sourced from the web, there is a high chance it will be skewed towards high-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Fakhraddin Alwajih , Abdellah El Mekki , Hamdy Mubarak , Majd Hawasly , Abubakr Mohamed , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely evaluated on macro-scale geographic tasks, such as global factual recall, event summarization, and regional reasoning. Yet, their ability to handle hyper-local knowledge remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zihan Gao , Yifei Xu , Jacob Thebault-Spieker

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and publicly available ChatGPT have marked a significant turning point in the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into people's everyday lives. This study examines the ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sandeep Kumar , Tirthankar Ghosal , Vinayak Goyal , Asif Ekbal

Improving cultural competence of language technologies is important. However most recent works rarely engage with the communities they study, and instead rely on synthetic setups and imperfect proxies of culture. In this work, we take a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Shaily Bhatt , Tal August , Maria Antoniak

Natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed a profound impact of large language models (LLMs) that excel in a multitude of tasks. However, the limitation of LLMs in multilingual settings, particularly in underrepresented languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Samuel Cahyawijaya
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