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A periodic weave is the lift of a particular link embedded in a thickened surface to the universal cover. Its components are infinite unknotted simple open curves that can be partitioned in at least two distinct sets of threads. The…

A textile structure is a periodic arrangement of threads in the thickened plane. A topological classification of textile structures is harder than for classical knots and links that are non-periodic and restricted to a bounded region. The…

Knitted and woven textile structures are examples of doubly periodic structures in a thickened plane made out of intertwining strands of yarn. Factoring out the group of translation symmetries of such a structure gives rise to a link…

In this paper, we develop the mathematical tools needed to explore isotopy classes of tilings on hyperbolic surfaces of finite genus, possibly nonorientable, with boundary, and punctured. More specifically, we generalize results on…

Crystallographic groups describe the symmetries of crystals and other repetitive structures encountered in nature and the sciences. These groups include the wallpaper and space groups. We derive linear and nonlinear representations of…

This paper introduces a new systematic algorithm for constructing periodic Euclidean weaving diagrams with combinatorial arguments. It is shown that such a weaving diagram can be considered as a specific type of four-regular periodic planar…

We present a technique for the enumeration of all isotopically distinct ways of tiling a hyperbolic surface of finite genus, possibly nonorientable and with punctures and boundary. This provides a generalization of the enumeration of…

This paper aims to develop a mathematical foundation to model knitting with graphs. We provide a precise definition for knit objects with a knot theoretic component and propose a simple undirected graph, a simple directed graph, and a…

In this paper, a selection of elegant, highly symmetric examples of three-periodic tangled nets and filaments are presented. They are constructed via familiar crystal nets using edges as geometric scaffolds for n-fold helical windings.…

In recent years a lot of attention has been paid to topological spaces which are a bit more general than smooth manifolds - orbifolds. Orbifolds are intuitively speaking manifolds with some singularities. The formal definition is also…

We inductively define layers of colorings of knot and knotted surface diagrams using ternary quasigroups. Homological invariants from such systems of colorings use shorter differentials and of higher degree than the standard homology…

Knitted fabrics exemplify a broad class of architected materials capable of large deformations, enabling shape morphing, mechanical biocompatibility, and embedded multifunctionality without material damage. Although geometric nonlinearity…

We describe a method to classify crystallographic tilings of the Euclidean and hyperbolic planes by tiles whose stabiliser group contains translation isometries or whose topology is not that of a closed disk. We tackle this problem from two…

A weave is the lift to the Euclidean thickened plane of a set of infinitely many planar crossed geodesics, that can be characterized by a number of sets of threads describing the organization of the non-intersecting curves, together with a…

Doubly periodic tangles, or DP tangles, are embeddings of curves in the thickened plane that are periodically repeated in two directions. They are defined as universal covers of their generating cells, the flat motifs, which represent knots…

In this article we classify quadruple Galois canonical covers of smooth surfaces of minimal degree. The classification shows that they are either non-simple cyclic covers or bi-double covers. If they are bi-double then they are all fiber…

In this study, we use a correspondence between two-periodic weft-knitted textiles and links in the thickened torus to study the former using link invariants. We establish a criterion to identify the set of links whose elements are realized…

Orbifolds of two-dimensional quantum field theories have a natural formulation in terms of defects or domain walls. This perspective allows for a rich generalisation of the orbifolding procedure, which we study in detail for the case of…

Twisting sheets as a strategy to form functional yarns relies on millennia of human practice in making catguts and fabric wearables, but still lacks overarching principles to guide their intricate architectures. We show that twisted…

We present a method for modelling textile structures, such as weft knits, on families of bicontinuous surfaces. By developing a tangible interpretation of mathematical theory, we combine perspectives of art, design, engineering, and science…