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Visual Text Rendering (VTR) remains a critical challenge in text-to-image generation, where even advanced models frequently produce text with structural anomalies such as distortion, blurriness, and misalignment. However, we find that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Hanshen Zhu , Yuliang Liu , Xuecheng Wu , An-Lan Wang , Hao Feng , Dingkang Yang , Chao Feng , Can Huang , Jingqun Tang , Xiang Bai

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach for aligning and enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing critical challenges in instruction following, ethical alignment, and reasoning capabilities. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Vaneet Aggarwal

While compositional accounts of human language understanding are based on a hierarchical tree-like process, neural models like transformers lack a direct inductive bias for such tree structures. Introducing syntactic inductive biases could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ananjan Nandi , Christopher D. Manning , Shikhar Murty

Document-level neural machine translation has yielded attractive improvements. However, majority of existing methods roughly use all context sentences in a fixed scope. They neglect the fact that different source sentences need different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Xiaomian Kang , Yang Zhao , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

We study the problem of recognizing structured text, i.e. text that follows certain formats, and propose to improve the recognition accuracy of structured text by specifying regular expressions (regexes) for biasing. A biased recognizer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Baoguang Shi , Wenfeng Cheng , Yijuan Lu , Cha Zhang , Dinei Florencio

Reinforcement learning (RL) has seen significant success across various domains, but its adoption is often limited by the black-box nature of neural network policies, making them difficult to interpret. In contrast, symbolic policies allow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Sascha Marton , Tim Grams , Florian Vogt , Stefan Lüdtke , Christian Bartelt , Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Despite the remarkable progress of modern machine translation (MT) systems on general-domain texts, translating structured LaTeX-formatted documents remains a significant challenge. These documents typically interleave natural language with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Ziming Zhu , Chenglong Wang , Haosong Xv , Shunjie Xing , Yifu Huo , Fengning Tian , Quan Du , Di Yang , Chunliang Zhang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

When reading long-form text, human cognition is complex and structurized. While large language models (LLMs) process input contexts through a causal and sequential perspective, this approach can potentially limit their ability to handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kai Liu , Zhihang Fu , Chao Chen , Wei Zhang , Rongxin Jiang , Fan Zhou , Yaowu Chen , Yue Wu , Jieping Ye

The growing complexity of legal cases has lead to an increasing interest in legal information retrieval systems that can effectively satisfy user-specific information needs. However, such downstream systems typically require documents to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Dennis Aumiller , Satya Almasian , Sebastian Lackner , Michael Gertz

We propose a novel adaptive transfer learning framework, learning to transfer learn (L2TL), to improve performance on a target dataset by careful extraction of the related information from a source dataset. Our framework considers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Linchao Zhu , Sercan O. Arik , Yi Yang , Tomas Pfister

Deep neural networks have achieved significant improvements in information retrieval (IR). However, most existing models are computational costly and can not efficiently scale to long documents. This paper proposes a novel End-to-End neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Chen Zheng , Yu Sun , Shengxian Wan , Dianhai Yu

Despite the seeming success of contemporary grounded text generation systems, they often tend to generate factually inconsistent text with respect to their input. This phenomenon is emphasized in tasks like summarization, in which the…

Extending large language models (LLMs) to low-resource languages often incurs an "alignment tax": improvements in the target language come at the cost of catastrophic forgetting in general capabilities. We argue that this trade-off arises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zeli Su , Ziyin Zhang , Zhou Liu , Xuexian Song , Zhankai Xu , Longfei Zheng , Xiaolu Zhang , Rong Fu , Guixian Xu , Wentao Zhang

Structured data, rich in logical and relational information, has the potential to enhance the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Still, its integration poses a challenge due to the risk of overwhelming LLMs with excessive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Xiaoyu Tan , Haoyu Wang , Xihe Qiu , Yuan Cheng , Yinghui Xu , Wei Chu , Yuan Qi

Reinforcement learning has become a cornerstone for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models, where group-based approaches such as GRPO have emerged as efficient paradigms that optimize policies by leveraging…

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms aim to learn optimal decisions in unknown environments through experience of taking actions and observing the rewards gained. In some cases, the environment is not influenced by the actions of the RL…

Extracting summaries from long documents can be regarded as sentence classification using the structural information of the documents. How to use such structural information to summarize a document is challenging. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Junyi Bian , Xiaodi Huang , Hong Zhou , Shanfeng Zhu

Incorporating hierarchical structures like constituency trees has been shown to be effective for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, it is evident that state-of-the-art (SOTA) sequence-based models like the Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Shafiq Joty , Steven C. H. Hoi , Richard Socher

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been achieving competent performance on a wide range of downstream tasks, yet existing work shows that inference on structured data is challenging for LLMs. This is because LLMs need to either understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Younghun Lee , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen

Although some recent works show potential complementarity among different state-of-the-art systems, few works try to investigate this problem in text summarization. Researchers in other areas commonly refer to the techniques of reranking or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Yixin Liu , Zi-Yi Dou , Pengfei Liu